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Environmental Science and Biotechnology

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Environmental Science and Biotechnology Objective: Summarize the use of biotechnology applications in the field of environmental science. Biotechnology Applications ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Environmental Science and Biotechnology


1
Environmental Science and Biotechnology
  • Objective Summarize the use of biotechnology
    applications in the field of environmental
    science.

2
Biotechnology Applications
  • Bioremediation- Use of living organisms to remove
    environmental contaminants from water or soil.
  • Photoremediation- specialized type of
    Bioremedation utilizing plants to clean soil and
    water in contaminated sites.

3
Biotechnology Applications
  • Immunoassay tests- tests utilizing antibodies
    produced in various animals to test for the
    presence of antigens in an environment or
    organism.
  • Rabbits, Guinea Pigs and other small animals are
    often used to produce antibodies.
  • Can be used to indicate the presence of specific
    pollutants, viruses, bacteria, and a variety of
    other harmful compounds.

4
Biotechnology Applications
  • Indicator species- Plant or animal used to
    indicate increasing levels of contaminants or
    antigens in an environment.
  • Often used to prevent dangerous levels of
    exposure to important plants and animals in a
    habitat or area.
  • Biosensors have recently begun to replace
    indicator species.

5
Biotechnology Applications
  • Biological control- methods utilizing naturally
    occurring organisms or compounds to control plant
    and animal pests.
  • Decreases the need of harmful chemical pesticides
    and herbicides.
  • Often uitilize genetically engineered organisms
    to kill or resist harmful organisms.
  • EX Using ladybugs to control insect pests such
    as aphids.
  • Geese to control weeds in a production orchard

6
Biotechnology Applications
  • Biofuels- Alternatives to fossil fuels produced
    from organic matter.
  • Two common varieties
  • Ethanol- alcohol based fuel produced from the
    fermentation of grains and other crops.
  • Burns cleaner and lessons dependency on oil.
  • Biodiesel- Fuel produced from the inclusion of
    certain additives into recycled vegetable oil.
  • Consists of almost pure vegetable oil, has almost
    no harmful emissions, exhaust smells like French
    fries.

7
Environmental Science and Biotechnology
  • Objective Describe the impact of biotechnology
    on sustainability.

8
Biotechnology in increasing sustainability
  • Sustainable Agriculture utilizes resources
    (plants and animals) that may be quickly replaced
    with little or no environmental impact.
  • Increase use of insect resistant crops resulted
    in the use of 46 million pounds of less
    pesticides.
  • Biotechnology techniques can be used to produce
    more versatile and effective organisms with
    increased speed.
  • Cloning is often used to produce a larger number
    of organisms useful for sustainable production.

9
Examples of Sustainable Resources
  • Agriculture prodcution of bamboo as an
    alternative to mature hardwoods in flooring
  • Production of rapidly reproducing bacteria to
    manufactor compounds usually extracted from
    endangered plants and animals.
  • Increased use of biofuels produced from organic
    material.

10
Biotechnology techniques and Environmental
Preservation
  • Cloning, Artificial insemination, in vitro
    fertilization and other reproduction techniques
    have been widely used to preserve and repopulate
    decreasing plant and animal populations.
  • Cloning could eventually allow the researchers to
    produce extinct organisms from preserved genetic
    material.

11
Concerns over biodiversity
  • The widespread use of conoing and controlled
    breeding has raised fears over decreasing genetic
    diversity.
  • The creation of monoculture in which all
    organisms are genetically identical can lead to
    devastation from disease or insects.
  • The use of genetically modified organisms with
    resistance to certain insects, or other organisms
    can increase surrounding genetic diversity.

12
Environmental Science and Biotechnology
  • Objective Use scientific principles to conduct a
    simple experiment in contained bioremediation.

13
Experimental Principles in bioremediation
  • Organism Selection-
  • A wide variety of organisms may be used in
    bioremediation, though certain varieties or
    species will be much more effective than others.
  • Experimental Variables-
  • Altering the temperature, moisture content, and
    pH of soil or other host material can greatly
    compact the effectiveness of organisms in
    bioremediation.
  • Control group- used for comparison.

14
Experimental Principles in bioremediation
  • Monitoring Bioremediation success.
  • Immunoassay tests can be used to monitor the
    success f bioremediation efforts.
  • Digital probes are more accurate, take less time,
    and can provide real-time monitoring
    capabilities.
  • Some organisms, such as bacteria, produces gasses
    as byproducts while functioning.
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