The Plumbing System

1
The Plumbing System
Welcome
By Robert Charney
2
Robert Charney

• The following are current certificates of trade
  competence held
•        Provincial Plumbing G1150
•        Inter Provincial Plumbing G954
•        Domestic Gas B2707E
•        City of Winnipeg Contractors 263
•        Cross Connection Tester 382
•        Power Engineers Certificate U03631
•        ODS Environmental Certification MB2613
•        Cross Connection Instructor Certificate
  (unavailable)
•        Certificate in Adult Education 
• Thank you for this opportunity to serve the
  industry.
• Yours Sincerely
• Robert Brian Charney

3
Plumbing System

• The National Plumbing Code states that all
  buildings that have a pressure water supply must
  have a plumbing system, an arrangement of vent,
  water and drainage pipes plus fixtures installed.

4
Required Fixtures

• The National Building Code stipulates that every
  dwelling shall have a water closet, a lavatory,a
  kitchen sink, a bathtub or shower, provisions for
  laundry and in the basement a floor drain.
• The National Building Code also states that 45 C
  to 60 C hot water shall be provided.
• The National Plumbing Code requires that all
  shower valves be pressure or/and thermostatically
  balanced for maximum 49 C discharge.
• Master thermostatic valves should limit the mixed
  water temperature to 40 C.
• Interceptors, neutralizers or dilution tanks may
  be required where fixtures are discharging waste
  that may damage or impair the system
• Lighting, ventilation and heat are also specified

5
The Start of a Plumbing System

• The plumbing system begins with the fixture
  having its fixture outlet pipe normally directly
  connected through a P- trap to a drainage system
  
• The National Plumbing Code specifies certain
  fixtures that must be indirectly connected to the
  sanitary or storm water drainage system.
• Clear water waste indirect fixtures other than a
  drinking fountain do not require a trap.
• Storm water is drained to a separate storm system

6
Fixtures that Must be Indirect

• Display,storage, preparation or processing of
  food or drink.
• Sterilizer
• Uses water as a cooling or heating medium
• Water operated device
• Water treatment device
• Drain or overflow from a water or heating system

7
Sanitary or Storm System?

• The fixtures should drain through a trap to the
  sanitary system, however the code allows clear
  water to discharge into the storm system.
• Clear water fixtures may drain into the storm
  drainage system through a backwater valve.
• Clear water floor drains must drain through a
  trap and may directly connect to the storm.
• Clear water indirect fixtures may drain through
  an air break to the storm system
• Caution, high storm water flows may cause fixture
  drain stoppage.
• Caution, The National Plumbing Code allows clear
  water to be discharged onto a roof, but measures
  should be taken to minimize possible roof
  degradation.
• Storm systems connected to a combined building
  sewer or a combined sewer would require trapping
  the storm system or fixture drain

8
Indirect Connections

• Indirectly connected fixtures must drain to a
  directly connected fixture through an Air Break
  that is 25 mm or equal the diameter of fixture
  outlet pipe.
• 2 or more indirect fixtures may directly connect
  to a common indirectly connected branch that is
  at least 1.25 inches.
• If the indirect branch serves more than 2 floors,
  it must extend to air independently.

9
The P Trap

• This P trap has a 1-½ inch water seal to keep
  sewer gases from entering the building from the
  drainage system.
• A drainage / venting system is designed to
  prevent positive or negative pressures above one
  inch of water column.
• The P trap connects to a horizontal trap arm.
• Acid waste requires 2 water seal
• The code limits the use or prohibits the use of
  certain traps

10
Drainage System Flow
Back to P Trap
11
The Trap Arm

• All trap arms run horizontally to the point of
  vent and fixture drain.
• The trap arm may change direction 135 degrees
• The fixture drain may run vertically or
  horizontally and then connect to a branch, wet
  vent, soil stack, building drain or sewage sump.

12
Protecting the Trap Minimum

• All traps must be protected with a vent pipe
  located so that the minimum horizontal distance
  between the trap weir and vent is no less than
  two pipe diameters.
• Traps that are part of an indirect system, storm
  drain, subsoil drain or a 3 larger floor drain
  with trap arm that is 18 or longer, do not
  require a vent

2 diameters
135 degree change 225 for WC
13
Protecting the Trap Maximum

• The maximum horizontal distance that the vent may
  be positioned from the trap so that the fall of
  the trap arm (1/4 inch per foot grade) does not
  exceed the size of the trap arm pipe.
• Therefore a 1-¼ inch trap arm may be a maximum 5
  feet, 1 ½ inch may be 6 feet, 2 inch may be 8
  feet and 3 inch may travel 12 feet from the trap
  to the point of vent

Fall equals pipe size
WC 3m horizontal 1m vertical
14
Vent Connections
Dry Continuous Vent
Dry Individual vent
Wet Vent serving lower trap

• Vent pipes may be dry from the point of
  connection from the trap arm to open air and must
  be nominally vertical until above the flood level
  rim of the fixtures served.
• Vent pipes may be wet from the discharge of
  other fixtures connected upstream but may be
  installed at ¼ inch per foot grade or nominally
  vertical.
• All vents are initially sized by Table 5.7.1
• The load is expressed in fixture units per table
  4.9.3 or 4.10.2
• Vents normally terminate at least 150mm above a
  roof

15
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
16
Individual Vent (dry)
Nominally vertical

• An individual vent (dry) is installed in the
  nominally vertical position until it is above the
  flood level rim of the fixture that it is
  serving, protecting the individual fixture trap.
• The individual vent usually connects to the trap
  arm through a sanitary T or TY as it is known in
  the trade or a nominally vertical Y may be used
  on the horizontal connection.

17
SIZING the Individual Vent (dry)
5 or 6 trap 2 vent
Nominally vertical
1 ½ vent
1 ¼ vent
2 to 4 trap
1 ¼ or 1 ½ trap

• An individual vent (dry) is sized by code
  statement directing the user to refer to table
  5.7.1, vent sizing according to largest trap
  served.
• Once sized by table 5.7.1., length and load are
  NOT a consideration.
• All vents shall be at least 3 inch at the vent
  terminal

18
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
19
Dual Vent (dry)

• A dual vent (dry) is installed in the nominally
  vertical position until it is above the flood
  level rim of the two fixtures that it is serving,
  protecting the two fixture traps.
• The dual vent always connects to the trap arm
  through a double sanitary T or double TY as it is
  known in the trade

Nominally vertical
20
Sizing the Dual Vent (dry)

• A dual vent (dry) is sized by code statement
  directing the user to refer to table 5.7.1, vent
  sizing according to largest trap served.
• Once sized by table 5.7.1., length and load are
  NOT a consideration.
• Increase to at least 3 inch at roof terminal

Nominally vertical
5 or 6 trap, 2 vent
1 ¼ vent
1 ½ vent
1 ¼ or 1 ½ trap
2 or 4 trap
21
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
22
Continuous Vent (dry)
Continuous Vent
Wet Vent Portion

• A continuous vent (dry) is installed in the
  nominally vertical position until it is above the
  flood level rim of the two or more fixtures that
  it is serving connected to the same soil or waste
  pipe.
• The continuous vent usually connects with a
  sanitary y or sanitary T at the uppermost trap
  arm connection.
• Increase to at least 3 inch at roof terminal if
  vent is terminating to air

23
Sizing the continuous vent (dry)
Continuous Vent
Wet Vent Portion

• Determine the largest trap served by the
  continuous vent and refer to table 5.7.1 to
  initially size.
• Determine the length, from the most upstream trap
  arm to the Stack Vent, Vent Stack, Header or Air.
• Determine the load served by the continuous vent.
  Separately vented fixtures that drain into the
  wet vent are not included.
• Refer to table 5.8.3 and confirm that the initial
  size will handle the load within the determined
  length of vent or increase to the appropriated
  pipe size according to 5.8.3

24
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
25
Table 5.8.3
Size of Branch Vents, Continuous Vents, Circuit
Vents, and Vent Headers
Forming Part of Articles 5.8.3 and Sentences
5.8.4.(1) and (2)
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 3 4 5 6 8
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters
2 9.0 U N LIMITED
8 9.0 30.0 61.0 U N LIMITED
20 7.5 15.0 46.0 U N LIMITED
24 4.5 9.0 30.0 U N LIMITED
42 9.0 30.0 U N LIMITED
60 4.5 15.0 120.0 U N LIMITED
100 11.0 79.0 305.0 U N LIMITED
200 9.0 76.0 275.0 U N LIMITED
500 NOT 6.0 55.0 215.0 U N LIMITED
1100 PERMITTED PERMITTED 15.0 61.0 215.0
1900 6.0 21.0 61.0 215.0
2200 9.0 27.0 105.0 335.0
3600 7.5 18.0 76.0 245.0
5600 7.5 18.0 76.0
26
Wet Vent
Continuous vent
2 fixture unit drain
Wet Vent

• A wet vent has two inch or smaller trap arms
  separately and directly connected to it with its
  upper end extended as a continuous vent. The
  discharge of a trap wets the intended vent pipe
  of the next trap arm.
• This wet vent may be horizontal or vertical and
  may have separately vented fixture drains or
  branches with a 2 FU total load connecting to it
  from the same storey.
• The advantage of a wet vent is that it may travel
  horizontally (with ¼ inch per foot grade) or
  nominally vertical to the dry continuous vent.

27
Sizing the Single Storey Wet Vent
Continuous vent
Single Storey Wet Vent
2 fixture unit drain
Load not included

• determining the total load served by the
  continuous vent and size by table 2.5.8.3 using
  the length from the most upstream fixture to
  connection to a major vent or outside air.
• Determine the total load including separately
  vented loads draining into the wet vent
  (excluding the most downstream trap arm load)
  and refer to Table 2.5.2.1 to size the wet vent
• The size of the wet vent is the not reduced
• Branches or building drain downstream of the 3rd
  water closet
• shall be 4 inch

28
Table 5.8.3
Size of Branch Vents, Continuous Vents, Circuit
Vents, and Vent Headers
Forming Part of Articles 5.8.3 and Sentences
5.8.4.(1) and (2)
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 3 4 5 6 8
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters
2 9.0 U N LIMITED
8 9.0 30.0 61.0 U N LIMITED
20 7.5 15.0 46.0 U N LIMITED
24 4.5 9.0 30.0 U N LIMITED
42 9.0 30.0 U N LIMITED
60 4.5 15.0 120.0 U N LIMITED
100 11.0 79.0 305.0 U N LIMITED
200 9.0 76.0 275.0 U N LIMITED
500 NOT 6.0 55.0 215.0 U N LIMITED
1100 PERMITTED PERMITTED 15.0 61.0 215.0
1900 6.0 21.0 61.0 215.0
2200 9.0 27.0 105.0 335.0
3600 7.5 18.0 76.0 245.0
5600 7.5 18.0 76.0
29
Table 5.2.1
Maximum Hydraulic Load Drained to a Wet Vent
Forming Part of Sentence 2.5.2.1.(1)
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Fixtures other than Water Closets Water Closets (2 tank or 1 flushometer)
1 1/2 2 NA
2 4 3
3 12 8
4 36 14
5 NA 18
6 NA 23
30
Circuit Vent
Circuit Vent
More than 6 FU
Max 6 FU fixtures draining into relief vent

• Circuit vent is required if the wet branch is
  serving more than 2 water closets or if the water
  closet is not the most downstream fixture trap
  arm connected.
• Fixtures with 11/4 or 11/2 inch traps must be
  separately vented or separately circuit vented
  and connected to at least 2 inch branch
• Fixtures with 2 inch or larger traps connect to a
  minimum 3 inch wet branch
• Every circuit vent requires a relief vent
  downstream of the most downstream trap arm
  connected and served by the circuit vent
• A soil or waste pipe ( stack, branch, or fixture
  drain) may serve a the required relief vent
  provided it has a load of 6 FU or less

31
Sizing the Circuit Vent
Circuit Vent
More than 6 FU
Max 6 FU fixtures draining into relief vent

• Table 2.5.7.1 initially provides the minimum size
  of the circuit vent.
• The load is the total load of all fixtures
  draining into the circuit vented branch EXCEPT
  the load draining through the relief vent
• The length is from the circuit vented wet branch
  to the major vents (stack vent, vent stack, and
  vent header) or outside air.
• Refer to table 2.5.8.3 to confirm that initial
  sizing is within table limits or increase as
  determined by the table for the length and load.

32
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
33
Table 5.8.3
Size of Branch Vents, Continuous Vents, Circuit
Vents, and Vent Headers
Forming Part of Articles 5.8.3 and Sentences
5.8.4.(1) and (2)
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 3 4 5 6 8
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters
2 9.0 U N LIMITED
8 9.0 30.0 61.0 U N LIMITED
20 7.5 15.0 46.0 U N LIMITED
24 4.5 9.0 30.0 U N LIMITED
42 9.0 30.0 U N LIMITED
60 4.5 15.0 120.0 U N LIMITED
100 11.0 79.0 305.0 U N LIMITED
200 9.0 76.0 275.0 U N LIMITED
500 NOT 6.0 55.0 215.0 U N LIMITED
1100 PERMITTED PERMITTED 15.0 61.0 215.0
1900 6.0 21.0 61.0 215.0
2200 9.0 27.0 105.0 335.0
3600 7.5 18.0 76.0 245.0
5600 7.5 18.0 76.0
34
Circuit Vent Relief
Relief Vent
More than 6 FU
Max 6 FU fixtures draining into relief vent

• Circuit vents require a relief vent downstream of
  the most downstream circuit vented fixture.
• A soil or waste pipe ( stack, branch, or fixture
  drain) may serve a the required relief vent
  provided it has a load of 6 FU or less

35
Sizing the Circuit Vent Relief
Relief Vent Stack Vent acting as required
relief vent
Max 6 FU draining into relief vent

• Largest trap served by the relief vent Table
  5.7.1
• One size smaller than the required circuit vent
  but not less than than Table 5.7.1.
• relief vent serving connected trap arms must
  conform to appropriate code statements based on
  the vents drainage configuration and required vent

36
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
37
Single Storey Wet Vent Additional Circuit Vent
More than 8 wet
More than 45 change
Circuit Vent
Maximum 2 fixtures _at_ 1 ½ FU
1st relief
Additional Circuit Vent
Max 2 fixtures _at_ 1 ½ FU

• Additional relief vent is required if more than 8
  wet vented trap arms are connected between the
  1st relief Vent and Circuit Vent or.
• Cumulative horizontal change in direction is not
  more than 45 degrees.
• Additional Circuit Vents and the Circuit Vent may
  drain two fixtures maximum 1 1/2 FU each
  configured as a dual vent or individual vent.

38
Sizing the Single Storey Circuit Vent Additional
Circuit Vent
More than 8 wet
Circuit vent
More than 45 change
Additional Circuit Vent
2 fixtures _at_ 1 ½ FU
1st relief

• Largest trap served by the wet vent Table
  2.5.7.1
• One size smaller than the required Circuit Vent
  but not less than than Table 2.5.7.1.
• The wet portion of the Additional Circuit Vent
  serving trap arms must conform to wet vent Table
  2.5.2.1 ( Minimum 2 inch)

39
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
40
Table 5.2.1
Maximum Hydraulic Load Drained to a Multi-storey
Wet Vent
Forming Part of Sentence 2.5.2.1.(1)
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Fixtures other than Water Closets Water Closets (2 tank or 1 flushometer)
1 1/2 2 NA
2 4 3
3 12 8
4 36 14
5 NA 18
6 NA 23
41
Vertical Wet Vent

• A Single Storey wet vent may also be vertical
  pipe that has 2 inch or smaller trap arms plus
  other fixture drains, or branches with a load of
  2 fixture units or less connecting to it from the
  same storey.
• Water closets must be downstream of all wet
  vented fixtures in a vertical wet vented drain.

Separately Vented Fixture
Continuous Vent
Single Storey Wet Vent
floor
42
Wet Stack Vent

• A single storey wet vent may also be a portion of
  a stack vent that has 2 inch or smaller trap arms
  plus other fixture drains or branches with a load
  of 2 FU or less connecting to it from the single
  storey.
• Water closets must be downstream of all wet
  vented fixtures in a vertical wet vented drain.

Separately Vented Fixture
Stack Vent
Single Storey Wet Vent
Soil Stack
floor
43
Sizing the Single or Multi-Storey Wet Stack Vent

• Table 5.7.1
• Determine the size of the Stack Vent using Table
  2.5.8.4
• Determine the total load wetting the stack vent
  including separately vented loads (excluding the
  lowest fixture that is served by the wet vent)
  and refer to Table 2.5.2.1 to size the wet vent
• The size is not reduced and continues full size

Separately Vented Fixture
Stack Vent
Single Storey Wet Vent
44
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
45
(No Transcript)
46
Table 5.2.1
Maximum Hydraulic Load Drained to a Multi-storey
Wet Vent
Forming Part of Sentence 2.5.2.1.(1)
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Fixtures other than Water Closets Water Closets (2 tank or 1 flushometer)
1 1/2 2 NA
2 4 3
3 12 8
4 36 14
5 NA 18
6 NA 23
47
Multi Storey Wet Vent

• A multi storey wet vent has 2 inch and smaller
  trap arms , and fixture drains or branches with 2
  FU or less connecting to it from multiple
  stories. This is a simpler method of venting
  smaller fixtures that are directly above each
  other on successive floors. There are
  restrictions in the piping arrangement.
• NO STACK may connect to the wet vent.

Wet Vent Full size to last trap
floor
Max trap 2 inch with 4 FU total per storey above
1st storey
2 inch or less offset 4 foot max. Larger than 2
inch offset 8 feet no connections, 6 above flood
level rim
2 inch trap max except emergency floor drain
separate and direct
Max 2 tank w/c
48
Sizing the Multi Storey Wet Vent

• Table 5.7.1
• Determine the total load draining into the multi
  storey wet vent excluding the lowest fixture or
  fixtures on double TY
• Refer to Table 2.5.2.1 serving water closets or
  not
• Multi Storey Wet Vent remains full size to the
  stack Vent at the upper trap arm connection.
• Wet Stacks serving more than 4 stories shall be
  full size to outside air

Wet Vent Full size to last trap arm
floor
Max 4 FU per storey above 1st storey
2 inch or less offset 4 foot max. Larger than 2
inch offset 8 feet
2 inch trap max
Max 2 tank w/c
49
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
50
Table 5.2.1
Maximum Hydraulic Load Drained to a Multi-storey
Wet Vent
Forming Part of Sentence 2.5.2.1.(1)
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Fixtures other than Water Closets Water Closets (2 tank or 1 flushometer)
1 1/2 2 NA
2 4 3
3 12 8
4 36 14
5 NA 18
6 NA 23
51
Branch Vent
Branch vent
floor

• Branch vents connect 2 or more individual vent,
  dual vent, continuous vent, branch vent, circuit
  vents and sewage sump vents to either a stack
  vent, vent stack, vent header or outside air.
• Branch vents may combine vents from successive
  floors

52
Sizing the Branch Vent
Branch vent
floor

• Table 2.5.7.1
• Determine the length, from the most distant
  fixture served to the Stack Vent, Vent Stack,
  Vent Header or outside Air. (not including the
  wet vent)
• Determine the load from the two most distant
  vents connected and refer to Table 2.5.8.3 to
  size that portion of the Branch vent
• Using Table 2.5.8.3 add additional vent loads
  and size each portion of the branch vent
• The branch vent cannot be smaller than the vent
  that it is connecting

53
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
54
Table 5.8.3
Size of Branch Vents, Continuous Vents, Circuit
Vents, and Vent Headers
Forming Part of Articles 5.8.3 and Sentences
5.8.4.(1) and (2)
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 3 4 5 6 8
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters
2 9.0 U N LIMITED
8 9.0 30.0 61.0 U N LIMITED
20 7.5 15.0 46.0 U N LIMITED
24 4.5 9.0 30.0 U N LIMITED
42 9.0 30.0 U N LIMITED
60 4.5 15.0 120.0 U N LIMITED
100 11.0 79.0 305.0 U N LIMITED
200 9.0 76.0 275.0 U N LIMITED
500 NOT 6.0 55.0 215.0 U N LIMITED
1100 PERMITTED PERMITTED 15.0 61.0 215.0
1900 6.0 21.0 61.0 215.0
2200 9.0 27.0 105.0 335.0
3600 7.5 18.0 76.0 245.0
5600 7.5 18.0 76.0
55
Table 4.10.6.B
Maximum Permitted Hydraulic Load Drained to a
Branch
Forming Part of Sentence 4.10.6.(2) and Article
4.10.7
Size of Branch, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, Fixture Units
1 1/4 2
1 1/2 3
2 6
2 1/2 12
3 27
4 180
5 390
6 700
8 1600
10 2500
12 3900
56
Stack Vent

• Within the building, on each storey, the traps or
  fixture drains may combine to become branches.
  These branches may also be combined to form
  larger branches. These traps, fixture drains or
  branches from successive floors then connect to a
  soil or waste stack, the vertical
  waste-collecting pipe.
• A stack vent is the extension of the soil or
  waste stack above the last waste pipe connection
  to open air. It must be 3 inch if it is the
  principle stack vent.

57
Sizing the Stack Vent

• Table 5.7.1.
• the principle stack vent must be at least 3
  inch.
• At least ½ the size of the base of the Stack.
• Determine the Length of the stack vent from the
  upper end to air
• Determine total load drained to the Stack base
• refer to Table 5.8.4 to size the stack vent
• Add additional vent loads for that portion of the
  stack vent
• Size the wet portion of the vent stack using
  table 2.5.2.1

58
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
59
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60
Table 5.2.1
Maximum Hydraulic Load Drained to a Multi-storey
Wet Vent
Forming Part of Sentence 2.5.2.1.(1)
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Fixtures other than Water Closets Water Closets (2 tank or 1 flushometer)
1 1/2 2 NA
2 4 3
3 12 8
4 36 14
5 NA 18
6 NA 23
61
Vent Stack

• Vent Stack is required when a soil or waste
  stack serves more than 4 plumbing storeys
• A Vent Stack relieves excess pressure from the
  base of the soil stack caused by stack water flow
• Vents are usually connected to the vent stack
  from each plumbing floor served by the stack
• 8 fixture units may drain to the lowest storey
  served by the vent stack with one fixture
  discharging into the vertical portion and WC
  lowest

Vent Stack
62
Sizing the Vent Stack

• Table5.7.1
• At least ½ the size of the base of the Stack.
• Determine the Length of the vent stack from the
  lower end to air
• Determine total load drained to the served Stack
  base
• Refer to Table 5.8.4 to size the vent stack
• Add additional vent loads not draining into the
  served stack for that portion of the vent stack
• The wet portion of the vent stack must conform to
  Table 5.2.1

Vent Stack
Additional vent load
63
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
64
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65
Table 5.2.1
Maximum Hydraulic Load Drained to a Multi-storey
Wet Vent
Forming Part of Sentence 2.5.2.1.(1)
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets Serving Water Closets
Size of Wet Vent Portion of Soil or Waste Stack, inches Not Serving Water Closets Fixtures other than Water Closets Water Closets (2 tank or 1 flushometer)
1 1/2 2 NA
2 4 3
3 12 8
4 36 14
5 NA 18
6 NA 23
66
Relief Vents for Stacks

• Required on stacks that serve more than 11
  plumbing storeys for portion that is 5 storeys or
  less excluding the top and bottom 5 storeys
• Required on stacks that have an offset or double
  offset with more than 2 storeys above the offset
  AND receives more than 100 FU

Choose second relief location
2 Offset Reliefs required
Yoke Vent
67
Sizing Relief Vents for Stacks

• Table 5.7.1
• Offset relief shall be one size smaller than the
  Stack Vent
• Relief for stacks serving more than 11 storeys
  shall be one size smaller than the smallest pipe
  to which it is connected
• Stack relief is not required if the stacks are
  interconnected at each plumbing storey equal in
  size to the fixture drain or branch or 2 which
  ever is smaller
• Relief vents functions may be combined

relief
Choose relief location
Combined function relief
relief
68
Vent Header
Header

• Vent Headers are similar to branch vents as they
  are the extension of junction of two or more
  Stack Vents or Vent Stacks to open air
• Other vents may directly connect to the header

Stack Vent
Multi Storey Wet Vent
Vent Stack
Soil or Waste Stack
69
Sizing the Vent Header
Vent Header

• Table 5.7.1
• Determine the length from the furthest fixture
  served to air
• Determine total load served by the most distant
  Stack Vent or Vent Stacks
• refer to Table 5.8.3 to size that portion of the
  Vent Header
• Add additional vent loads and size each portion
  of the Vent Header using Table 5.8.3
• Must not be smaller than the pipe that is
  connecting to the Vent Header

Stack Vent
Multi Storey Wet Vent
Vent Stack
Soil or Waste Stack
70
Table 5.7.1
Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on the
Size of the Trap Served
Forming Part of Articles 5.7.1 and 5.8.2
Size of Trap Served, inches Minimum Size of Vent Pipe, inches
1 1/4 1 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4
2 1 1/2
2 1/2 1 1/2
3 1 1/2
4 1 1/2
5 2
6 2
71
Table 5.8.3
Size of Branch Vents, Continuous Vents, Circuit
Vents, and Vent Headers
Forming Part of Articles 5.8.3 and Sentences
5.8.4.(1) and (2)
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches Size of Vent Pipe, inches
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 3 4 5 6 8
Total Hydraulic Load Served by the Vent, fixture units Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters Maximum Length of Vent Pipe, Meters
2 9.0 U N LIMITED
8 9.0 30.0 61.0 U N LIMITED
20 7.5 15.0 46.0 U N LIMITED
24 4.5 9.0 30.0 U N LIMITED
42 9.0 30.0 U N LIMITED
60 4.5 15.0 120.0 U N LIMITED
100 11.0 79.0 305.0 U N LIMITED
200 9.0 76.0 275.0 U N LIMITED
500 NOT 6.0 55.0 215.0 U N LIMITED
1100 PERMITTED PERMITTED 15.0 61.0 215.0
1900 6.0 21.0 61.0 215.0
2200 9.0 27.0 105.0 335.0
3600 7.5 18.0 76.0 245.0
5600 7.5 18.0 76.0
72
Drainage System Flow
Back to P Trap
73
Fixture Drains

• Fixture drains serve one fixture and connect from
  the point of vent of a trap arm to a branch, wet
  vent, stack or building drain
• Fixture drains may run vertical or horizontal
• Fixture drains are equal to the trap size

74
Branch Drains

• Branch drains serve two or more fixtures or
  stacks within a storey
• Branch drains may connect to another branch,
  building drain, sewage sump, wet vent or stack
• Use table 4.10.6.B to size each portion of the
  branch as the load is applied
• May never be smaller than the drain pipe
  connecting to branch
• Branches downstream of the third water closet
  must be 4 inch

Branch
75
Table 4.10.6.B
Maximum Permitted Hydraulic Load Drained to a
Branch
Forming Part of Sentence 4.10.6.(2) and Article
4.10.7
Size of Branch, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, Fixture Units
1 1/4 2
1 1/2 3
2 6
2 1/2 12
3 27
4 180
5 390
6 700
8 1600
10 2500
12 3900
76
Soil or Waste Stack

• The end of the horizontal sanitary building drain
  by definition terminates at the most upstream
  soil or waste stack, branch or fixture drain
  serving a water closet which must be at least 3
  inch through to the roof and to open air.
• The soil or waste stack is a nominally vertical
  pipe that collects the waste from traps,
  branches, fixture drains or other stacks from
  successive floors
• All other stacks connect to the sanitary building
  drain through branches.
• Storm water may not drain to a soil or waste
  stack

floor
Principle Stack
77
Sizing the Soil or Waste Stack

• More than 6 water closets draining to the stack
  must be at least 4 inch
• Determine the load from each drain connection and
  size that portion starting at the top using the
  appropriate portion of Table 4.10.6.A
• Check that the maximum load from any storey
  draining to a stack that passes through more than
  three stories does not exceed the limits of Table
  4.10.6.A
• The stack may not be smaller than a drain that
  connects to it

78
Table 4.10.6.A
Maximum Hydraulic Load Drained to a Soil-or-Waste
Stack
Forming Part of Sentence 4.10.6.(1)
Size of Stack inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units
Size of Stack inches Maximum Load on Stack in Fixture Units Maximum Fixture Units Drained to Stack from any 1 Storey
1 1/4 2 2
1 1/2 8 2
2 24 6
3 102 18
4 540 100
5 1400 250
6 2900 500
8 7600 830
10 15000 2700
12 26000 4680
15 50000 9000
79
Sanitary Building Drain
1 Meter outside of foundation wall
Unvented 3 floor drain

• Within the building at the lowest level, all the
  drainage pipes connect to a common horizontal
  pipe, the sanitary building drain that connects
  outside of the building to the sanitary building
  sewer.
• These connections may include trap arms, fixture
  drains, branches and soil or waste stacks.
• The sanitary building drain by definition
  terminates at the most upstream soil or waste
  stack, branch or fixture drain serving a water
  closet.
• Storm water may not drain into a sanitary
  building drain

80
Sizing the Sanitary Building Drain
1 Meter outside of foundation wall

• The sanitary building drain must be at least 4
  inch
• determine the load draining into each portion of
  the sanitary building drain and size using Table
  4.10.6.C at the appropriate grade

81
Table 4.10.6.C
Maximum Permitted Load Drained to a Sanitary
Building Drain or Sewer
Forming Part of Sentence 4.10.6.(2) and Article
4.10.8
Size of Drain or Sewer, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units
Size of Drain or Sewer, inches Slope Slope Slope Slope Slope Slope
Size of Drain or Sewer, inches 1 in 400 1 in 200 1 in 133 1 in 100 1 in 50 1 in 25
3 27 36
4 Not Permitted 180 240 300
5 380 390 480 670
6 600 700 840 1300
8 1400 1500 1600 2250 3370
10 2500 2700 3000 4500 6500
12 2240 3900 4500 5400 8300 13000
15 4800 7000 9300 10400 16300 22500
82
Sanitary Building Sewer

• Sanitary building sewer conducts sewage from the
  sanitary building drain to a public or private
  sewer or private sewage disposal system.
• Building sewers may combine sanitary and storm
  building drains.

83
Sizing the Sanitary Building Sewer

• Sanitary building sewer must be at least 4 inch
• Sanitary building sewer is sized using Table
  4.10.6.C at the appropriate grade
• Size Combined building sewers using 4.10.9

84
Table 4.10.6.C
Maximum Permitted Load Drained to a Sanitary
Building Drain or Sewer
Forming Part of Sentence 4.10.6.(2) and Article
4.10.8
Size of Drain or Sewer, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units
Size of Drain or Sewer, inches Slope Slope Slope Slope Slope Slope
Size of Drain or Sewer, inches 1 in 400 1 in 200 1 in 133 1 in 100 1 in 50 1 in 25
3 27 36
4 Not Permitted 180 240 300
5 380 390 480 670
6 600 700 840 1300
8 1400 1500 1600 2250 3370
10 2500 2700 3000 4500 6500
12 2240 3900 4500 5400 8300 13000
15 4800 7000 9300 10400 16300 22500
85
Table 4.10.9
Maximum Hydraulic load Drained to a Storm
Building Drain or Sewer, Combined Building Sewer
or a Horizontal Rain Water Leader
Forming Part of Article 4.10.9
Size of Drain or Sewer, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, liters Maximum Hydraulic Load, liters Maximum Hydraulic Load, liters Maximum Hydraulic Load, liters Maximum Hydraulic Load, liters Maximum Hydraulic Load, liters Maximum Hydraulic Load, liters
Size of Drain or Sewer, inches Slope Slope Slope Slope Slope Slope Slope
Size of Drain or Sewer, inches 1 in 400 0.25 1/32/ft 1 in 200 0.5 or 1/16/ft 1 in 133 0.75 3/32/ft 1 in 100 1 or 1/8/ft 1 in 68 1.5 5/16/ft 1 in 50 2 or ¼/ft 1 in 25 4 ½/ft
3 2 390 2 770 3 910
4 Not Permitted 4 220 5 160 5 970 8 430
5 6 760 7 650 9 350 10 800 15 300
6 10 700 12 400 15 200 17 600 24 900
8 18 900 23 200 26 700 32 800 37 800 53 600
10 34 300 41 900 48 500 59 400 68 600 97 000
12 37 400 55 900 68 300 78 700 96 500 112 000 158 000
15 71 400 101 000 124 000 143 000 175 000 202 000 287 000
86
Table 4.10.10
Maximum Hydraulic Load Drained to a Roof Gutter
Forming Part of Article 4.10.10
Size of Gutter, inches Area of Gutter, cm2 Maximum Hydraulic Load, Liters Maximum Hydraulic Load, Liters Maximum Hydraulic Load, Liters Maximum Hydraulic Load, Liters
Size of Gutter, inches Area of Gutter, cm2 Slope Slope Slope Slope
Size of Gutter, inches Area of Gutter, cm2 1 in 200 1 in 100 1 in 50 1 in 25
3 22.8 406 559 812 1 140
4 40.5 838 1 190 1 700 2 410
5 63.3 1 470 2 080 2 950 4 170
6 91.2 2 260 3 200 4 520 6 530
7 124.1 3 250 4 600 6 500 9 190
8 162.1 4 700 6 600 9 400 13 200
10 253.4 8 480 12 000 17 000 23 600
87
Table 4.10.11
Maximum Hydraulic Load Drained to a Leader
Forming Part of Article 4.10.11
Circular Leader Circular Leader Non-Circular Leader Non-Circular Leader
Size of Leader, inches Maximum Hydraulic Load, Liters Area of Leader, cm2 Maximum Hydraulic Load, Liters
2 1 700 20.3 1 520
2 1/2 3 070 31.6 2 770
3 5 000 45.6 4 500
4 10 800 81.1 9 700
5 19 500 126.6 17 600
6 31 800 182.4 28 700
8 68 300 324.3 61 500
88
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89
Robert Charney
Piping Trades Instructor Red River
College J106-2055 Notre Dame Office
204-632-2227 Fax [phone] Email
rcharney_at_rrc.mb.ca Web http//xnet.rrc.mb.ca/rcha
rney
90
THE END

• Robert Charney
• Piping Trades Instructor
• Red River College
• J106-2055 Notre Dame
• Office 204-632-2227
• Fax [phone]
• Email
• rcharney_at_rrc.mb.ca
• Web
• http//xnet.rrc.mb.ca/rcharney

Thank you very much