Czech History

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Czech History

• Moravian Empire (843 907)
• St. Cyril and St. Methodius
• Premyslid Family (870 1306)
• St. Wenceslaus, Premysl Otakar II.
• Luxemburg Family (1310 1437)
• John of Luxemburg, Charles IV., Hussitism
• Jagellonians Family (1478 1526)
• Habsburg Family (1526 1918)
• battle on Bílá hora, empress Marie Teresa
• Czechoslovakia
• Czechoslovak Republic (1918 1938 T. G.
  Masaryk)
• Czechoslovak Socialistic Republic (1948 1989
  communism)
• Czechoslovak Federative Republic (1989 1992)
• Czech Republic (1993 present)

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Great Moravian Empire (833 907)

• first western Slavic state
• 833 after annexation of principality of Nitra
  formation of Great Moravian Empire (prince
  Mojmír I.)
• 863 invitation of Cyril a Methodius (duke
  Rostislav I.) effort of emancipation from the
  Frankish Empire influence
• Svatopluk (870 894) after St. Methodius death
  (885) admitted Franc Empire protection (payments
  for peace) empire stabilization, expansion on
  East and South (see map)
• fall of Empire (907) after Hungarian invasion
  (Mojmir II.)

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St. Cyril (826 - 869) a St. Methodius (815 885)

• Slavic missionaries (brothers) invited to Great
  Moravia by prince Rostislav I. effort for
  emancipation from the Franc Empire influence
• inventors of Glagolitic alphabet used for
  Slavonic manuscripts
• using of old Slavic language for religious
  service (for common people)
• 863 885 mission on the Great Moravia
• seat on Velehrad (Southern Moravia)

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St. Wenceslaus (907 935)

• main patron saint for Bohemia
• from Premyslid Family (ruling duke family in
  Bohemia)
• peace payments to Frankish Empire
• built rotunda of St. Vitus on Prague Castle
• consistent Christianization in the whole Bohemian
  princedom
• murdered by his brother - canonization

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Premysl Otakar II. (1233 1278)

• ruled in 1253 1278
• Premyslid Family king iron and golden
• Styria (marriage, 1252), Hungary (marriage,
  1260), expansion of the Bohemian state
• foundation of royal cities and support of
  economic development (king gold)
• ambitious aspiration on the position of Holy
  Roman Empire king leading crusades to Lithuania
  (Koningsberg, 1255) (king iron)
• Czech noble opposition (restricted by Premysl)
  together with Rudolph I. Habsburg battle of
  Durnkrut (1278 Hungary) Premysl death

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John the Blind Luxembourgish (1296 1346)

• die out of the Premyslid Family (1306)
• marriage of John of Luxemburg with Elisabeth the
  Premyslid (1310, crowned for the Bohemian king in
  1311)
• territorial enlargement of Bohemian kingdom
  (Silesia, Northitalian cities) never stay in
  the kingdom for the long time (tournaments,
  battles)
• motto It is gonna never be that Czech king is
  running away from the battlefield. Dying in the
  battle of Crecy (1346, hundred years war the
  same day as the day of death Premysl Otakar II.)

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Charles IV. (1316 1378)

• son of John of Luxemburg and Elizabeth the
  Premyslid, educated in France (former name
  Wenceslaus)
• king of Holy Roman Empire (1346) and emperor
  (1355)
• founder of Prague archbishopric (1344), Bohemian
  crown jewelry (1346), Charles University (1348),
  Karlstein (1348), Charles bridge (1357) etc.
• marriage politics as the tool for regional
  enlargement and politics (4 wives added
  Palatinate, Lusatia), gained Brandenburg (1371)

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Hussites (1420 1434)

• burning of Master Jan Hus (1415, religious
  Council of Constance where he should defend
  himself)
• protestant and reform movement in Roman Catholic
  church relates with Master Hus heritage to live
  according to the Bible, criticizing the church
• foundation of city Tábor (where they decided to
  live according to the Bible)
• leader Jan Zizka (1424), Hussites fought off 5
  crusades against Bohemia
• defeat of hussitism battle of Lipany (1434)
  Hussites against Hussites
• negative economic impacts on the whole kingdom

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Battle of White Mountain (1620)

• one of the battles in so called Thirty years war
  (1618 1648)
• catholic league (Habsburg) against protestants
• 21. 6. 1621 execution of 27 Bohemian noblemen
  on Old Town Square in Prague for the
  participation in contrahabsburg uprising (fight
  for noble privileges and religious freedom
  after Hussitism in Bohemia was religious
  toleration)
• strengthen of Catholicism and confirmation of
  absolutistic regime of Habsburg emigration
  wave (J.A. Komensky)

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Jan Amos Komensky (1592 1670)

• teacher of the nations (died in Naarden, NL)
• prostestant bishop
• Work
• Informatory of nursery school
• Orbis pictus (first pictorial schoolbook in the
  world)
• Language Gate Opened (how to learn languages)
• Didactica Magna (contains principles of modern
  education, e.g. education for all, free of
  charge and in mother tongue, compulsory school
  attendance, clearness of education, process from
  known to unknown, from simplicity to complexity
  of the knowing of the Nature, adequacy of the
  theme to the age, accent on praxis). Includes
  opinion on the education concept splits
  education in 4 periods, each for 6 years 0
  6 childhood nursery school 6 12 boyhood
  general school12 18 adolescenthood grammar
  school18 24 youth academy 2 years of
  traveling

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Maria Teresa (1717 1780)

• empress from the Habsburg house
• enlightened ruler, number of reforms
• Military service (administrative military
  districts war with Prussia (1756 1763))
• justice (forbidding of right of torture)
• regional administration (attendance to the office
  as well as for qualified nonaristocrats first
  compact lists of possessions of all subjects
  registries)
• education (1773) secularizing of universities
  (restriction of the Jesuits influence),
  prototypal schools, unification of requirements
  on schools and teachers as well, school
  hierarchy, teaching only in German

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Czechoslovakia

• Czechoslovak Republic (1918 1938)
• founders T. G. Masaryk, E. Benes
• united, centralistic, national state based on the
  idea of czechoslovakismus)
• model and garantor was France
• Tomas Garrigue Masaryk first Czechoslovak
  president (till 1935), after him dr. E. Benes
• nationalities Czech (6,7 mil 50), German (3,1
  mil 23) Slovak (2 mil 23), Hungarian (0,8
  mil 5,5), Karpatorusíni (0,5 mil 3,5), others
  (0,5 mil 4)
• Czechoslovak Socialistic Republic (1948 1989)
• takeover of all power by communistic party
• Region of interest of USSR
• Czechoslovak Federal Republic (1989 1992)
• continuing in democratic development before 1948
• issue with national structure (Slovak vs. Czech)
• Czech Republic (1993 present)

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Other famous Czechs

• František Palacký (1799 1876 historian)
• Tomas Garrigue Masaryk (1850 1938 first
  Czechoslovak president)
• Nobel Laureates
• Jaroslav Heyrovský (chemistry polarograph)
• Jaroslav Seifert (literature)

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• Thank you for your attention
• Made by Zdena Palupová and Jitka Müllerová