Measuring in English

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Essential to Manufacturing
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Measurements

• What is measurement?
• What is a measurement system?
• How many systems of measurement are there?
• What do measurement tools look like and how are
  they used?
• What role does measurement have in manufacturing?

3
Measurements

• the act or process of assigning numbers to
  phenomena (any event that is observable, however
  commonplace it might be), to describe it,
  according to a rule. It normally requires the use
  of instruments to observe it.

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Measurements

• Name what we measure. Give an example.

• Distances How far, how long, how tall, etc.
• Sizes shoes, clothes, hats
• Area Acres, square feet
• Volume engine sizes, (cubic liters).
• Liquids Gasoline and water are sold by the
  gallon, Cola bottles are in both liters and
  ounces.
• Gases Oxygen, Helium, Nitrogen (sold in tanks)
• Weights our own, buying vegetables,
• Time seconds, minutes, hours, days, etc.
• Combinations Miles per gallon

5
Measurement Systems

• Two systems of measurement used today
• The English System (the oldest)
• The Metric System (used world-wide)
• Both are still used today despite an effort to
  convert all measurement in the US to metric
  starting in the early 1970s.

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English/Metric ConversionAssignment

• With both systems in use in the US, sometimes
  there will be a need to compare or convert one to
  the other. With that in mind, take the worksheet
  provided, find a website that converts metric and
  English measurements and complete the worksheet.

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Metric System Measurements

• Distance
• Millimeter
• Centimeter
• Meter
• Kilometer

• Volume
• Liter
• Cubic Meter

Area Square Meter Square Kilometer

• Weight
• Gram
• Kilogram
• Metric ton

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1. What is measurement?

1. Mathematical formula
2. The process of assigning numbers to something by
   rule, to describe it.
3. A way to make something
4. None of the above

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2. The two systems of measurement are

1. Feet and inches
2. Meter and Kilometer
3. Metric and English
4. French and German

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3. A measurement of distance in the English
System is

1. Feet and inches
2. Meter and Kilometer
3. Gallon
4. Pounds

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4. A measurement of weight in the English System
is

1. Feet and inches
2. Meter and Kilometer
3. Gallon
4. Pounds

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5. A measurement of volume in the English System
is

1. Feet and inches
2. Meter and Kilometer
3. Gallon
4. Pounds

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6. A measurement of distance in the Metric
System is

1. Feet and inches
2. Meter and Kilometer
3. Gallon
4. Pounds

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7. A measurement of volume in the Metric System
is

1. Gallon
2. Meter and Kilometer
3. Liter
4. Feet and inches

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8. The smallest measurement of distance in the
Metric System is

1. Millimeter
2. Centimeter
3. Meter
4. Yard

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Measuring Distance in English

• Using a measuring tool called a ruler

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Where did it come from?
Why 12 inches?
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The Kings Foot
One Foot
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The Kings Foot
One Foot
Too big for some things...
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...So they used the length of the Kings first
knuckle
One Inch
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Why 12 inches not 10 or 13?
Simply because it took 12 lengths of his first
knuckle to equal his foot.
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...So they used the length of the Kings first
knuckle
One Inch
But that was too big for some other things...
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...So they cut the inches into fractions (a part
less than the whole)
On an English system ruler all of the fractions
are made by cutting the previous measurement in
half, so the numerator (bottom) is going to be
even. When you divide something in half, youre
dividing it by 2, so it should be even.
If you divide one thing in half, now youve got
two parts, If you take those halves and cut them
in half again, you now have four parts and so on.
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Remember the magic number - 2
In math you can write 1 divided by 2 like
this 1 2 So whats half of that? How do you
divide a fraction by 2? You multiply the
denominator by 2! Half of one half is 1 4 Half
of that is 1/8, half of that 1/16, half of that
1/32 and so on and so on
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9. The common distance measuring tool used in the
English system is called a..

1. GPS
2. Measuring Stick
3. Meter Stick
4. Ruler

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10. An English foot has how many inches?

1. 12
2. 10
3. 36
4. 24

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11. Whos foot was the standard for the
original measurement?

1. The President of the US
2. The King of France
3. The King of England
4. No one. Everyone just used their own foot.

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12. Why 12 inches in a foot?

1. Sounds better than 13
2. It took 12 fingertips to equal the length of the
   kings foot.
3. Someone just made it up
4. Even numbers are easier to remember

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13. What do we call the marks on an English ruler
between the inches?

1. Feet
2. Centimeters
3. Divisions
4. Fractions

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14. How many fractions are normally found between
the inches on an English ruler?

1. 12
2. 16
3. 24
4. 36

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...Thats exactly how they made the fractions
between the inches.
1/2
1/4
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...So they cut the inches into fractions
1/2
1/4
1/8
and 1/16
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You should have noticed that as the fractions got
smaller, so did the length of the lines between
the whole numbers. That helps to identify a half
from the fourths and so on.
34
If you dont remember what the fraction is just
by looking at the, you can always count the
number of lines between the whole numbers. If
there are 16, then your ruler is divided into
sixteenths.
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..then you can do the math to determine the
fraction.
If you counted 10 lines from the whole number,
that would be 10 sixteenths. Heres where that
magic number 2 comes in. To get the fraction to
its lowest possible denominator DIVIDE both
numbers in the fraction by 2 and keep doing it
until the top number is odd. 10 5 Top
numbers odd so 10/16 5/8 16 8 If the
fraction comes between two whole numbers like 1
and 2, then the measurement is the first whole
number and the fraction in this case it would be
1 and 5/8ths
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There are two ways you will be expected to measure

1. Take your ruler and measure an existing object.
   Ex Measure an existing line
2. Make something new by making an exact
   measurement, Ex Draw a line an exact length

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15. Name this measurement

1. 1/2
2. 1/3
3. 1/4
4. 5/16

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16. Name this measurement

1. 3/4
2. 3/8
3. 1-3/4
4. 2-3/4

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To create a measurement you have to reverse the
previous trick.
What if you have to draw a line that is exactly
¾ long? If you dont know by looking at the
lines, You have to make ¾ into 16ths so you can
find it on the ruler. Before you divided both by
2, this time you have to MULTIPLY both by 2 until
you have 16ths 3 6 12 Denominator is
16ths so 3/4 12/16ths 4 8 16 If the
measurement has a whole number before the
fraction like 12, then the measurement is 12
inches and the fraction in this case it would be
12 and 12/16ths
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Now, you try it
With your ruler, complete the two measuring
assignments by accurately measuring and writing
the answer next to the line and then draw lines
exactly as long as the measurements provided.
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The Metric ruler is much different. Everything is
based on 10
10mm (millimeters) 1cm (centimeter) 100cm 1m
(meter) 1m 100cm    (cm centimeter, cent
means 100) 1m 1000mm  (mm millimeter, mil
means 1000)
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The Metric Ruler
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17. Name this measurement

1. 3.5mm
2. 35mm
3. 3-1/2 in
4. 35cm

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18. On a metric ruler what measurement is
numbered?

1. Millimeters
2. Centimeters
3. Meters
4. Yards

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19. Which is the larger measurement?

1. 1 meter
2. 1 yard
3. 305 millimeters
4. 24 inches

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20. Which device is used for precision
measurements?

1. Tape measure
2. Ruler
3. Odometer
4. Micrometer

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How good are you?
Go to www.rsinnovative.com/rulergame
You must show your instructor your score. Keep
trying to get a better score!!
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Some production requires precision measurements
and that requires precision measuring instruments
Engines and many other car parts have to fit as
close to perfect as possible. That means
measurements to thousandths of an inch or
millimeter
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Micrometers are precision measuring devices
This device measures in metric dimensions. It can
measure to one thousandth of a mm. Thats .001mm
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Why is precision measurement so important in
manufacturing?
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End Unit 7 Measurements
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Key
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Questions