Functional neuroanatomy Brad Dickerson, M.D. [e-mail]

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Functional neuroanatomyBrad Dickerson,
M.D.bradd_at_nmr.mgh.harvard.edu
How do thought, emotion and behavior arise from
this?
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Functional neuroanatomy
bradd_at_nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

• Overview of brain anatomy systems
• Localization/networks
• Scale in the nervous system
• Sensorimotor systems
• How our brains interact with the external world
  (loops)
• States of mind (and body)
• Specific functional systems
• Memory emotion
• How our brains use previous experience to modify
  behavior
• Vision attention language

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Brain anatomy
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Brain anatomy
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Brain anatomy
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Brain anatomy
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Brain anatomy
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Brain anatomy
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Approaches to the study of brain function

• Animals humans anatomy, physiology, behavior
• Tract tracing
• Single unit recordings
• Behavioral studies pharmacology
• Patients with focal brain lesions
• Behavioral studies post-mortem anatomy
• Structural imaging In vivo structure/function
  correlations
• Neuroimaging/brain mapping
• Functional neuroimaging

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Scale in studying the nervous system
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Localization of function in the nervous system
Phrenology (Gall, early 1800s) 1.The brain is the
organ of the mind. 2. The mind is composed of
multiple distinct, innate faculties. 3. Because
they are distinct, each faculty must have a
separate seat or "organ" in the brain.
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Localization of function in the nervous system
Paul Broca language
1860s
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Localization of function in the nervous system
Maps and networks
1909
2005
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What are we doing with our brains at this
moment?(The students brain)

• Feeling your chair
• Squirming (moving)
• Watching
• Listening
• Remembering
• Paying attention
• Sleeping
• Feeling anxious
• Feeling hungry
• What happens when you ask a question?

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Motor function

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Motor system
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Motor system
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Motor system
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Motor system
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Motor system
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The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells Neurons
and Glia
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The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells Neurons
and Glia
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Neurons have specialized processes that support
electrochemical transmission
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Neurons communicate with each other primarily
through synapses
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Glia support and maintain neurons

• Protect by surrounding and buffering
• Speed transmission by forming myelin sheaths

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Motor systemTopography
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Motor system
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Motor system
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Somatosensory function

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Somatosensory function
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Somatosensory function
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Auditory function

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Auditory function
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Vision

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Visual system
Visual system
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Visual system
Visual system
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Visual system
Visual system
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Visual system
Visual system
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Visual system
Visual system
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Visual system
Visual system
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Localization of function in the nervous system
Maps and networks
1909
2005
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Localization of function in the nervous system
Functional networks

• 5 major brain systems subserving
• cognition and behavior
• Left perisylvian language network
• Parieto-frontal network for spatial attention
• Occipitotemporal network for object/face
  recognition
• Medial temporal/limbic network for learning
  memory
• Prefrontal network for attention comportment

From Mesulam MM, Brain, 1998
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Localization of function in the nervous system
Maps and networks
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What are we doing with our brains at this
moment?(The students brain)

• Feeling your chair
• Squirming (moving)
• Watching
• Listening
• Remembering
• Paying attention
• Sleeping
• Feeling anxious
• Feeling hungry
• What happens when you ask a question?