What are earthquakes and volcanoes?

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What are earthquakes and volcanoes?

• Chapter 6
• Lesson 2
• SPIs Science 7.7.1, Reading 5.1.1, 5.1.2,
  5.1.5, 5.1.12, 5.1.13, 5.1.17, 5.1.26, 5.1.30,

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In This Lesson We Will Learn

• Why most earthquakes and volcanoes occur at plate
  boundaries.

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Have you ever heard about a volcano or an
earthquake?

• Lets talk about it
• Where was it?
• What were the details?

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Why do we need to learn about Earthquakes and
Volcanoes?

• Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes can be violent
  events. By learning more about them, we may be
  able to avoid some of the dangers they pose.

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Think of it like this

• When a fruit pie bakes in the oven, juices and
  steam seep up through cracks in the crust. That
  is similar to how a volcano forms.
• Wouldnt you want to know when THAT was coming?

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Do you think there is a pattern to the occurrence
of volcanoes and earthquakes?
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To find the answer, lets do a class experiment.

• Turn to P. 213 in your text
• Using the earthquake and volcano list on P. 213,
  we will identify these locations on our classroom
  atlas.
• We will use two different colored sticky notes
• One color will represent volcanoes, and one color
  will represent earthquakes.
• Hint If you are called on to locate one of these
  cities, look in the area of the Pacific Ocean.

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Experiment continued

• Do you see a ring around the Pacific Ocean?
• Does anyone know what that ring is called?

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The Ring of Fire!!!
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Why is this area called, The Ring of Fire?
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Answer

• Volcanoes and earthquakes are very common along
  the Ring of Fire.

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Why are volcanoes and earthquakes more common
around the Ring of Fire?

• Hint it has something to do with the movement of
  Earths plates

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Answer

• Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur near plate
  boundaries for example, around the edge of the
  Pacific Ocean.

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Ring of Fire

• Lets jump ahead to P. 220 in your text and read
  about the Ring of Fire.

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Vocabulary

• Get out your Science journals...
• Its time to get smart!!!
• Earthquake
• Epicenter
• Fault
• Focus
• Magma
• Seismic waves

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Vocab. Cont

• Earthquake violent shaking of Earths crust as
  builtup energy is released

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Vocab. Cont

• Epicenter point on Earths surface directly
  above the focus of an earthquake
• Turn to page 216 in your text. Look at the
  graphic titled, Seismic Waves. Notice the
  epicenter labeled on the second graphic.

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Vocab. Cont

• Fault crack in Earths crust along which
  movement takes place
• The San Andreas fault extends almost
• the full length of the state of California!!

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Vocab. Cont

• Magma melted rock below Earths surface called
  lava at the surface
• Is this lava or magma?

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Vocab. Cont

• Seismic waves waves of energy sent through
  Earths crust when plates move suddenly
• Turn to page 216 in your text. Look at the
  graphic titled, Seismic Waves. Notice the
  seismic waves labeled on the second graphic.

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I need a volunteer, please

• Well take turns reading pages 214 and 215. Who
  would like to go first?
• (Remember, when we read, we pay attention to what
  we are reading, and we read with expression and
  enthusiasm!!!)

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Lets be detectives

• Who can go back and find two words with the root
  verge?
• Who can tell me what verge means?

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Verge means

• Verge comes from the Latin word vergere, which
  means to turn, or to bend
• The prefix con means together
• The prefix di means two
• Now, lets be detectives and figure out (using
  our new clues) what converge and diverge mean.

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RememberIn This Lesson Were Learning

• Why most earthquakes and volcanoes occur at plate
  boundaries.

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Question

• What information does a seismograph record?

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Answer

• The strength of seismic waves moving through
  Earths crust and along the surface.
• (youre so smart!!!)

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Question

• How is a diverging boundary fault created?
• (cmon man, think!!!!)

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Answer

• At diverging boundaries, stress builds up between
  blocks. Eventually, the rock breaks, and one
  block moves down a sloping crack.
• (Remember, di means two, and verge means to
  turn or to bend)

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Lets try another one

• At what type of fault does force squeeze rock,
  causing it to break and causing the rock on one
  side of the fault to move up while the rock on
  the other side moves down?
• you know this!!

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Answer

• Fault at converging boundaries
• Way to go!!!!!!!

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Lets continue reading P. 216

• I need a volunteer to begin reading the paragraph
  titled Earthquakes
• While your classmate is reading, listen for the
  meanings of the words, magnitude and
  intensity. When you hear it, raise your hand!!!

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Compare and Contrast

• Its Science journal time
• In your journal, compare and contrast how the
  measurements of an earthquakes magnitude and
  intensity are alike and different. Refer to your
  text of you need help.
• Learning about earthquakes is so cool!!!

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Lets continue reading P. 217

• This time while your classmate is reading, I
  want you to figure out why surface waves cause
  great damage.

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Answer

• Surface waves make the ground swell and roll.

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Question

• Would an earthquake that measures 7.7 on the
  Richter scale cause blocks of rock to shift a lot
  or a little?

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A lot!!!Remember the higher the number, the
greater the damage!

• You Rock!!!

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Lets Talk Volcanoes

• Where does the word volcano come from?
• (Youre gonna love this)

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Answer

• The word volcano comes from the name of the
  ancient Roman god of fire, Vulcan.
• (Pretty cool, eh?)

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I need a volunteer, please

• Well take turns reading PP. 218 and 219.
• Remember, when youre reading to the class, pay
  attention to what you are reading, and use
  expression.
• Be sure to follow along as your classmate reads
  because YOU could be the next one called on to
  read!!

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In Your Science Journals

• Compare and Contrast
• How are a crater and a chamber alike and how are
  they different?
• Classify
• If you saw a volcano, what clues would tell you
  what type of volcano or volcanic cone it was?

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Way To Go!!!

• Now you know why most earthquakes and volcanoes
  occur at plate boundaries!!!