Energy security

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Energy Security the Carbon Cycle
One thing I am convinced of is that the next 50
years is not going to be more of the same.
.There will be different sources of energy by
the middle of the century Phil Watts,
Chairman of Royal Dutch/Shell Our country, the
United States is the worlds largest emitter of
manmade greenhouse gases. We account for almost
20 percent of the worlds man-made greenhouse
emissions..We recognize the responsibility to
reduce our emissionsMy cabinet-level working
group on climate change..proposes the United
States help lead the way by.. advancing the
technology to monitor and reduce greenhouse
gases President George Bush, June 2001
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US Energy Consumption by Source 104.6 EJ (99.1
Quadrillion Btu) in 00
Hydro 3
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Genes control Biofeedstocksfixation,
allocation, partitioning, sequestration
Only a few genes control the life strategy in
plants when we understand these we can
dramatically change plant yields. Chris
Somerville, June 2001
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Domesticated Populus Attributes

• Greater carbon allocation to stem- ATHB-2
• No response to competition - PHYB
• Reduced height growth - GAI
• Less extensive root system - Revoluta
• Improved wood chemistry - Pt4CL1
• Pest resistance - Rt
• Optimized photoperiod response - Ls

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What is the potential impact?

• Biomass crop yield increases shifted from 1/yr
  to 2.8/yr
• Biomass to ethanol conversion efficiencies
  increased 60.
• In 25 yrs, biomass crops could be economically
  competitive on 55 M acres of US crop land at a
  raw energy price equal to a 15 barrel of oil and
  30 of current US gasoline needs displaced by
  homegrown ethanol.
• 50M tonnes C additionally sequestered in U.S.
  soil/yr

(Analysis w/POLYSYS, Nov 2001)
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Potential Fossil Bioconversion applications
Pipeline application
Desalter
/
Field
application
Crude
Fluidized Catalysis Cracker (FCC)
FCC Unit
Gasoline
oil
pipe still
Atmospheric
Gasoline blending
sulfur removal process
Hydrodesulfurization
Feedstock
Drilling
Refinery application
Downhole
application
(
)
biodesulfurization
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