Cardiovascular Disease

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Cardiovascular Disease
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Cardiovascular Disease

• Diseases of the heart and blood vessel system
• Heart disease is 1 killer in the United States,
  stroke 4 (CDC)
• Washington State (CDC)
• Cardiovascular disease also contributes to
  mortality across the globe (NationMaster.com)
• WHO the burden of heart disease and stroke

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Cardiovascular Disease

• Many different terms
• Conditions are frequently related

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Hypertension

• A measure of the force blood exerts against the
  walls of arteries
• Systole - pressure when heart contracts
• Diastole - pressure when heart relaxes
• What is blood pressure?
• Blood pressure assessment
• Hypertension high blood pressure

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Why Does Hypertension Matter?

• Hypertension damages inner lining of artery
• Artery bleeds
• Injured area clots, can accumulate plaque
• Animation

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Atherosclerosis

• Plaque buildup within an artery or arteries
• A normal artery allows room for blood to flow
• An atherosclerotic artery has plaque buildup as a
  result of damage to the blood vessel
• An artery becomes damaged
• High blood pressure
• Smoking
• Vessel bleeds, forms clot, accumulates plaque
• Calcium, fibrin, cholesterol

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Thrombus and Embolus

• When a blood clot or other foreign body in a
  blood vessel (thrombus) prevents blood delivery,
  the human tissue needing the blood delivery can
  be damaged
• When a blood clot or piece of plaque breaks off
  of its origin and travels through the blood
  vessel system (embolus), human tissue can be
  damaged
• Can occur in arteries and veins

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Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction

• When atherosclerosis occurs in the coronary
  arteries supplying blood to the heart, the
  condition is labeled coronary artery disease
  (CAD)
• CAD can cause a myocardial infarction (heart
  attack through 137)

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Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction

• Coronary artery occlusion
• Myocardial infarction
• Coronary artery plaque may not completely halt
  blood flow but instead reduce it ischemia
• Blood flow reduction to bodys tissues
• Angina (chest pain or pressure) may result when
  ischemia occurs in the heart

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Stroke

• When a blockage occurs in the brain, reduced
  blood flow can cause a stroke

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Arrhythmia

• Normal rhythm sinus rhythm
• SA node, AV node, bundle branches
• Too fast tachycardia
• Too slow bradycardia
• Irregular heartbeat
• Variation from normal sinus rhythm
• Supraventricular tachycardia
• Atrial fibrillation
• Instead of single impulse in the SA node, can be
  gt400bpm
• Ventricular tachycardia
• Ventricular fibrillation

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Cardiac Arrest

• Different from myocardial infarction
• An electrical event
• Usually due to underlying heart disease
• Heart stops due to ventricular fibrillation
• CPR can help blood flow, but defibrillation
  needed to restart heart