HITLER

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HITLER THE RISE OF NAZI GERMANY

• Setting the scene
• a. November 1923 Adolf Hitler tries to follow
  Mussolinis example
• b. The coup failed and Hitler was soon behind
  bars

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II. The Weimar Republic

• a. WW I was ending and the Kaiser abdicates
• b. Modern leaders signed the armistice and the
  Treaty of Versailles
• C. Weimar Republic democratic government with a
  constitution which set up a parliamentary system
  led by a chancellor

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• d. Struggles of the Republic
• i. Communists demanded radical changes
• ii. Conservatives attacked the government as too
  liberal and weak
• iii. Germans of all classes blamed the Weimar
  Republic for the hated Versailles treaty and
  heavy reparations.
• iv. Germans look for scapegoats and blamed
  German Jews for economic and political problems

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e. Inflation

• i. Germany could not pay the reparations to
  France so France occupied the coal-rich Ruhr
  Valley
• ii. Government printed huge quantities of paper
  money
• iii. German mark became worthless
• iv. Salaries rose by billions of marks
• v. Prices skyrocked
• vi. German families savings were wiped out!

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f. Recovery and collapse

• i. Western powers bring inflation under control
• ii. United States, Britain, and France approve a
  plan to reduce German reparations
• iii. France withdraws from the Ruhr under the
  Dawes Plan.

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• iv. American loans help the German economic
  recovery.
• v. The Great Depression hits Germany turns to
  Adolf Hitler.

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III. Adolf Hitler

• a. Born in Austria and went to Vienna at age 18
• b. While living in Vienna, he develops a
  fanatical anti-Semitism anti-Jewish feelings and
  actions
• c. Fought for Germany during WW I
• d. despised the Weimar Republic for being too
  weak.

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• e. Joined a small right-winged group and became
  the leader of the National Socialist German
  Workers or NAZIs.
• f. Wrote Mein Kampf basic book of Nazi goals
  and ideology
• g. Promised German people to end reparations,
  create jobs, defy the Versailles Treaty by
  rearming Germany

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• h. Hitler demanded unquestioning obedience and
  was known as the Fuhrer.

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IV. Hitlers Third Reich

• a. Hitler is elected chancellor in 1933 under the
  Weimar constitution
• b. First Reich Holy Roman Empire
• c. Second Reich Bismarcks Empire until 1871
• d. Third Reich Hitlers idea of creating a
  German Master Race to dominate Europe for 1,000
  years.

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e. Totalitarian State

• i. Hitler organized an efficient but brutal
  system of terror, repression and totalitarian
  rule.
• ii. Secret police gestapo root out opposition
• iii. Germans cheered Hitlers ability to end
  unemployment and revive German power.

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f. Economic Policy

• i. Combat the Great Depression
• 1. Public Work Programs
• 2. Program to rearm Germany
• 3. Preserved capitalism and brought big business
  and labor under government control

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g. Social Policy

• i. Nazis indoctrinated young people with their
  ideology
• Ii. Passionate speeches by the Fuhrer urging
  young Germans to destroy their enemies without
  mercy

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h. Purging German culture

• i. The Arts
• 1. Nazis wanted to purge or purify German
  culture
• 2. Denounced modern art
• 3. Condemned jazz
• 4. Glorified old German myths
• 5. Burned books which they disapproved All
  Quiet on the Western Front

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ii. Nazis and the Churches

• 1. Despised Christianity as weak and flabby
• 2. Replaced religion with his racial creed
• 3. Combined all protestant religions into one
  state church

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V. The Campaign Against the Jews Begins

• a. 1935 Nuremberg Laws Restrictions on Jews
• b. Night of Broken Glass Kristallnacht
• i. Nazi led mobs attached Jewish communities all
  over Germany smashed windows, looted shops,
  burned synagogues, beat Jewish people
• ii. Aftermath the world reaction to
  Kristallnacht was negative

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• 1. Hitler was unmoved and made Jewish victims pay
  for the damages
• 2. Years later Hitlers campaigns against the
  Jews intensified
• A. concentration camps detention centers for
  civilians considered enemies of the state
• B. Hitler was making sinister plans for the
  final solution the extermination of all Jews.