Drip Irrigation Systems and Applications

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PEPSEE SYSTEMS Grassroots' Innovation Under
Groundwater Stress

Shilp Verma Stanzin Tsephal Tony Jose
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Pepsee System of Irrigation
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Pepsee System of Irrigation

• Pepsee system is a low cost
  alternative of drip irrigation system (DIS). It
  does not require micro tube or emitter to place
  water directly to the root zone instead the
  lateral, which is called pepsee a light-weight
  plastic pipes used for making ice candy locally
  called Pepsee, is placed directly to the root
  zone of the plants.

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Pepsee and Micro-tube Irrigation System Components

• Micro-tube
• PVC Pipe 2 inch
• Valve (2 inch)
• Filter
• GTO
• Jointer
• Accessories (include 'L' bow,, end cap etc)

• Pepsee
• PVC Pipe 2 inch
• Valve (2 inch)
• Filter (optional)
• GTO
• Jointer
• Accessories (include 'L' bow, end cap etc)

Lateral (12 mm) and micro tube, (Rs.3,800/acre)

Pepsee Straw (Rs. 780/acre)
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Context

• Rapidly depleting of water table in last two
  decades
• The recurrence of drought like situation
• During summer water is available for very less
  time.
• Summer crop is very important for farmer
• Latent demand for water saving technologies

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Only Rich farmer could afford
Drip
Rs.20,000/acre
Still it was beyond the reach of poor farmers
Micro Tube
Rs.7,000/acre
So, there was great need for same technology at
low cost
Pepsee
4,000/acre
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Objectives

• To study the Pepsee system, its history and
  spread
• To make a comparative Technical/Financial study
  of Pepsee system with Micro-tube/drip and Flood
  system of irrigation
• To study the condition and factor that lead to
  successful adoption of pepsee system.
• To suggest the social marketing strategy for mass
  promotion of pepsee system of irrigation.

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Methodology

• Farmer Survey
• Focus Group Discussion
• Interviews with Retailers and Manufacturers
• Participatory Rural Appraisal
• Farm Management concepts were used to check the
  financial viability of Micro-tube and Pepsee
  system of irrigation

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Sampling Plan

• Each region was divided into three segments
• Pepsee adopters
• Micro-tube/Drip adopters
• Non-adopters

• Two Districts were selected purposively on the
  basis
• of spread of pepsee
• West Nimar (Madhya Pradesh)
• Jalgaon (Maharashtra )

• District was divided into four geographical
  region
• East,West, South and North

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Sampling Distribution
Segments West Nimar Jalgaon Total
Pepsee adopters 30 30 60
Micro-tube adopters 30 30 60
Non-adopters 30 30 60
Total 90 90 180
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Spread of pepsee system
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Adopters and non-adopters Profile
Figures are indicated in percentage
Source of irrigation Pepsee adopter Pepsee adopter Micro tube adopter Micro tube adopter Non adopter Non adopter
Source of irrigation W J W J W J
Open well 90 67 60 30 10 15
Tube well 10 33.33 37 70 0 0
Rain fed 0 0 0 0 77 85
Canal 0 0 0 0 14 0
20 15 24.50 22.50 14.60 9.70
AVERAGE LAND HOLDING
7.40 8.10 7.62 9.60 3.60 5.02
YEILD
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
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Reason for purchase of pepsee
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Reasons for not purchasing
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Impact of Pepsee systems

• Cropping pattern
• Enable them to take summer crop
• Chances for Rabi crops

West Nimar West Nimar Jalgaon Jalgaon
Pepsee adopter Non-adopters Pepsee adopter Non-adopters
30 2 28 4

• Crops
• Better quality
• Higher Yield
• Less prone to pest attack

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Impact of pepsee systems on pumpage

• Pepsee used only before monsoon

Methods of irrigation Numbers of irrigation Hours of irrigation/acre Total
Pepsee system 18 0.42Hrs 7.5Hrs
Flood system 3 5 15Hrs

• Total notional savings of 7.5 Hrs/acre, before
  monsoon (50)

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Impact of pepsee systems on area under
cultivation

• Average incremental area under cultivation
  due to adoption of pepsee is 2.2 acre

Impact of pepsee systems on water level
Adoption of pepsee system do not save water but
it leads to efficient utilization of
water However if farmers start using pepsee after
rain, then there will be water saving
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Cost of Micro-tube
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Cost of Pepsee
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Financial Analysis
Financial Indicators of PIS and MIS
IRR () NPV (RS.) BCR PBP
Cost A,B,C A,B,C A,B,C A,B,C
Pepsee 42,35,18 5760, 4390,1107 1.51, 1.41, 1.10 2.36-3
Micro-tube 40,39,28 9057, 8791,4982 1.82, 1.80, 1.43 2.16-3

• Both Micro-tube and Pepsee is financially
  feasible
• Micro tube is financially sounds better than
  pepsee

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Financial analysis

• why the farmers still adopt pepsee irrigation
  system when they have choice of micro-tube which
  technically and financially better than pepsee
• why micro-tube inspite of the technical and
  financial feasibility, its large scale and fast
  adoption is not so encouraging in India

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Most Prominent Reasons

• Drip-irrigated area is not more than one percent.
• High initial investment
• less access to basic finance
• Lack of information

Dhawan B D, Drip irrigation, Economic and
Political weekly, October, 1999
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Supply chain of pepsee
PLASTIC MANUFACTURER
AGRI IMPLEMENT RETAILER
FARMER
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STRENGTH WEAKNESS
Low cost Low initial investment Risk spread over number of years Skill requirement is less Shifting to micro tube and drip is technically feasible Less transportation and storage problem Limited life period delicate High labour requirement High replacement cost of pepsee Cannot withstand high pressure of flow of water Unequal distribution of water
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OPPORTUNITY Scope for improvement Latent demand for water saving Involvement of agencies for replication / spreading Manufacturing process is available everywhere Changes in system of electricity billing THREAT Non standardization in product Non performance of early adopters Decreasing price of micro tube and drip Environmental problems with polythene Easy and soft availability of finance
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IDEs PEPSEE- EASY DRIP

• Involved in pepsee for last one year trying to
  create a brand
• Mainly involved in creating linkages
• Making standardized product of 125 micron
  thickness Black Pepsee (LLDPE)
• Coming up with combination of micro tube with
  pepsee which is more effective
• Focus is on vegetables and spreading into other
  parts in Maharashtra

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Suggestions for IDE

• Price is the USP of pepsee and attempt to
  increase the price will seriously affect the
  adoption
• The standardization of product is very important
• IDE focus should be to create volume
• Preservation of technology with a focus on
  product development
• A warranty of pepsee for one crop season during
  the first year of introduction
• Field demonstration is a necessity for
  replicating it new places
• Early adopters should be progressive farmer but
  from targeted segment
• System should be supplied through agricultural
  implements shop

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How we are looking at Pepsee

• Pepsee is catering to a segment which cannot
  afford micro tube and drip irrigation, and to the
  farmers who are aware but not convinced about the
  potential benefits of micro/drip irrigation.

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How we are looking at Pepsee

• Pepsi system in itself is not a complete
  substitute for drip / micro tube irrigation, as
  when the economic condition of farmers improves,
  he will shift to micro-tube, then to drip, so it
  could be used as stepping stone and a tool to
  promote more efficient drip irrigation
  technologies at large scale in long-run

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• Thank You!