UPS Systems, Availability

1
UPS Systems, Availability Harmonics
ConditioningPresented by Shri KARVE
2
About MGE UPS SYSTEMS

• APC MGE is a world leader in high-availability
  power solutions for industrial applications,
  enterprise networks and the Internet /
  telecommunication infrastructure
• APC MGE market share worldwide is 56
• MGE UPS SYSTEMS solutions include
• Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs), Static
  Transfer Switches (STS), Power Distribution Units
  (PDU), harmonic filters, surge suppressors,
  inverters, power conditioners...
• Power management software covering most
  platforms Microsoft, Novell, Unix, Linux,
  Mac...
• Added-Value Services architecture design and
  project management, site audits, remote
  supervision, maintenance contracts, training, etc.

3
About MGE gt Worldwide Presence

• 3,000 highly qualified and motivated employees
• 37 subsidiaries
• 150 sales branches
• 6 manufacturing locations (Europe, USA and Asia)
• 2 Research Development centers (USA Europe)

Costa Mesa, USA.North and South
Americas regional headquarters
Shanghai, North Asias regional headquarters
Singapore, South Asia Pacific regional
headquarters
Montbonnot, France. Company headquarters and
EMEA/A regional headquarters
4
MAIN TOPICS

• UPS Topologies
• UPS Technologies
• Improving Availability by 9s
• Harmonic Mitigation Methods

5
Generic types of UPS Systems

• NO BREAK SETS
• DIESEL ROTARY
• HYBRID ROTARY
• STATIC
• SUPER CAPS!!
• FUEL CELL BACKED UPS !

6
UPS TOPOLOGY Standard

• IEC 62040-3
• BSEN 50091-3

7
Diesel Rotary UPS
1 - Diesel Engine 2 - Free Wheel Clutch 3 -
Induction Coupling 4 - Synch. Machine
5 - In line Choke 6 - Critical Load 7 - Mains
Input
8
Hybrid Rotary UPS
9
FAULT CLEARING
2.2 ln
415V
Voltage
0 / 0
10 In
1.75 In
Current
10
Static UPS
Maintenance Bypass
Static Switch
Mains 2 Bypass Supply
Rectifier
Inverter
Mains 1 Primary Supply
LOAD
Battery
11
MAIN TOPICS

• UPS Topologies
• UPS Technologies
• Improving Availability by 9s
• Harmonic Mitigation Methods

12
Why is everyone talking about availability?

• Growth in digital data exchange
• Internet
• Telecom
• Enterprise networks

Tbps
120
100
80
60
40
20
Internet traffic growth
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
13
Why is everyone talking about availability?

• Major financial consequences of lost data or
  security problems caused by a system shutdown

14
Why is everyone talking about availability?

• The origin of system failures

15
45
20
20
15
Just what is availability?

• There is a probability that an electrical
  installation will be capable of supplying power
  to a level of quality complying with requirements
  of the supported loads.

MTTR Mean Time To Repair MTBF Mean Time
Between Failures
16
Real-time fault detection andaccurate diagnostics

• Real-time fault detection for accurate
  diagnostics3 levels of supervision

17
Fast repairs

• Proven effectiveness Comprehensive services
• Site evaluations and advice (hot line)
• Tailored contracts and preventive maintenance
• Installations and logistics spanning the globe

• Telemonitoring centres for
• UPSs
• Batteries

18
How can availability be improved?

• By reducing the MTTR (Mean Time To Repair)
• Real-time fault detection

• Complete and accurate diagnostics
• Fast servicing by experts

(
) x 100
19
Best Performance Architecture Data Center Tier IV
20
Fault-tolerant installation
1

• UPS redundancy
• A second UPS for greater capacity or redundancy
  improves maintainability and backup time.

2
21
How can availability be improved?

• By increasing the MTBF (Mean Time Between
  Failures)
• Enhanced equipment reliability

• Fault tolerance
• - of equipment
• - of the installation as a whole

MTTR
AVAILABILITY
1 -
(
) x 100
MTBF
22
Fault-tolerant equipment

• STATIC UPS MTTR lt 4 Hours
• Automatic bypass - switches the load from the
  inverter to the Bypass AC input if a fault
  occurs.
• Manual bypass - for safe servicing (UPS modules
  de-energised) without interrupting the load.

Manual maintenance bypass
Automatic bypass
Bypass AC input
Normal AC input
23
Fault-tolerant installation
1
2

• Distribution redundancy
• A Static Transfer Switch improves
  maintainability, eliminates the risk of fault
  propagation and optimises source redundancy.

3
.
24
Single source

• Availability of power
• Up to 99,99968
• Up to 6.5 times the MTBF of a single UPS unit
• System maintenance
• UPS units and bypasses continued operation, load
  supplied and protected
• Upgradeability
• Up to 6 UPS units(Galaxy range)
• Need
• Physical separation of the bypasses
• Improved bypass maintenance

N1 modular active redundancy with dual SSC
25
Single source

• N1 Redundancy
• Best MTBF with two UPS units

Factor of MTBF improvement
7
6
5
4
3
Modular UPS units with centralised bypass
2
Modular UPS units
1
Number of parallel-connected units
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
26
Multiple Sources
N1 isolated redundant

• Availability of power
• Higher than 99,99970
• MTBF higher than 7 times that of a single UPS
  unit
• Maintenance
• UPS on bypass
• Load supplied and protected
• Upgradeability
• No limit to the power rating
• Difficult to implement
• Propagation of short-circuits
• Impossible between the sources
• Need
• UPSs of different types

27
Multiple Sources
Distributed redundantSNPE Concept

• Availability of power
• Higher than 99,9999...
• The highest degree of availability
• Installation maintenance
• Maintenance under de-energised conditions
• Maximum servicing safety
• Upgradeability
• No limit to the power rating
• Fault propagation
• Impossible between load segments
• Site operation management
• The most effective solution
• need
• Maximum availability 24/365 and easy site
  operation

28
The new standards
Risk of a failure ()
Annual down time risk
9hr
85
53min
63
Probability of a failure as a function of
availability Eg. If the power availability is
99.9 (3 nines) the probability per year of a
failure on the power supply is 85.
10
32s
3,15ms
0,01
3
4
6
10
nines
Availability
29
The new standards

• From three nines 99,9
• Average value for European utilities
• To six nines 99,9999
• Digital economy

Insérer photo salle informatique
30
Distribution of equipment in the installation
99.9
Utility
Energy distribution
Equipment
99.9999
31
MAIN TOPICS

• UPS Topologies
• UPS Technologies
• Improving Availability by 9s
• Harmonic Mitigation Methods

32
What is a harmonic waveform?

• Harmonic waveform is a distortion of the normal
  Sinewave
• It is characterised by its distortion level
• For voltage (THD U - Total Harmonic Voltage
  Distortion)
• For current (THD I - Total Harmonic Current
  Distortion)

H1 50Hz
Hn n x 50Hz

1.5
1.5
1.5
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
0.5


0
0
0
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-1
-1
-1
-1.5
-1.5
-1.5



Signal with harmonics
Fundamental H1
Harmonics H2 to Hn
THD (U or I) 100 x
33
The effects of harmonics

• Increase in the apparent power and oversizing of
  sources

• Linear load without harmonics
• Cos phi Power factor P/S

• S apparent power

• Non-linear load
• DPF Displacement Power Factor - P1/S1 ( 50 Hz
  fundamental current only)
• True Power factor P/ST

34
Electro-mechanical solutions
normal or replacement sources
1
h5 h7
L
oversizing of sources, cables, etc.
5
6
- The harmonics are not eliminated. - Very
costly.
1
4
tuned filters
anti-harm. reactors
p1 p2
p1 p2
5
attenuates harmonics at the tuning frequency.
transformers with different couplings
3
and
attenuate h5 and
4
2
limits h3 and multiples.
h7 (6-pulse bridge).
6
decreases THD(i).
35
(No Transcript)
36
Elimination of harmonicsSolutions built into the
UPS

• Comparison of solutions

37
Active harmonic conditioner

• The active harmonic conditioner generates the
  harmonic currents required by non-linear loads.
  These currents are opposite in phase with respect
  to the current supplied by the source.
• The A.H.C is sized only for the harmonic currents
• The current consumed by the load is then
  I load I source I
  conditioner

38
Computer loads ( RCD )
Test results of a 60 A Active conditioner
Harmonic current with SineWave
Harmonic current without SineWave
THDI 92.6 PF 0.73
2.9 1.0
reduction of 27 in the line RMS current
39
Installation points
The installation point is chosen as a function
of technical and economic criteria depending on
- available measurements- the required degree
of conditioning.
LV
Main LV
Switchboard
(MLVS)

• overall conditioning

AHC
A
feeder MS1
feeder MS2
feeder MSn
Secondary
switchboard

• partial conditioning

AHC
B
feeder S1
feeder S2
feeder S3
Final distribution
enclosure

• local conditioning

AHC
C
M
M
M
40
Genset
Derating around 40 for DPF 0.9
41
The SineWave solution

• SineWave converts any leading PF load to
  resistive load
• Leading current compensation
• Harmonic reduction as an added bonus
• Self-adapting system

42
P F CORRECTION Example For GENSET Compatibility
No SINEWAVE I 1 I 2 I 3 In
Current 114 A 101 A 88 A 59 A
THDI 21 23 16
Phase Angle 22 Lead 20 Lead 22 Lead
Power Factor 0.93 Lead 0.94 Lead 0.93 Lead
With SINEWAVE 60 Amp unit
Current 108 A 96 A 87 A 16 A (14A H1)
THDI 4 3 3
Phase Angle 4 Lag 8 Lag 8 Lag
Power Factor 1 Lag 0.99 Lag 0.99 Lag
43
Thank you for your time