Recap of duck life cycle

1
Prairie Nesting Anatini
Start with 100 hens That lay 1,000 eggs
Arctic Nesting Anserini
Start with 100 females That lay 400 eggs
2
What percentage of the eggs are lost before they
hatch (egg survival and nest succes)?
3
FIRST NESTING ATTEMPT
100 HENS 500 EGGS (FEMALE)
425 EGGS DESTROYED
75 EGGS HATCH
ASSUME 15 NEST SUCCESS, 10 EGGS/CLUTCH NOTE
ALL FEMALE EGGS
4
RENESTING ATTEMPTS
80 RENESTING ATTEMPTS
353 EGGS LAYED (FEMALE)
300 EGGS DESTROYED
53 EGGS HATCH
ASSUME 80 TOTAL ATTEMPTS AND 15 NEST
SUCCESS NOTE FEMALE EGGS ONLY
NO RENESTING ATTEMPTS
5
SUMMARY OF NESTING SEASON
425 EGGS DESTROYED
300 EGGS DESTROYED
128 TOTAL EGGS HATCH
NOTE FEMALE EGGS ONLY
SUMMARY OF NESTING SEASON
425 EGGS DESTROYED
128 TOTAL EGGS HATCH
NOTE FEMALE EGGS ONLY
6
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7
BROOD-REARING AND PRE-HUNTING SEASON LOSSES
82 DUCKLINGS DIE
46 DUCKLINGS SURVIVE
UNTIL FALL
ASSUME 36 YOUNG FEMALE SURVIVAL RATE
8
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9
What percentage of the fall population of hens is
shot by hunters?
A. 5-15
B. 25-35
C. 50-60
10
HUNTING SEASON -- YOUNG FEMALES
42 FEMALES SURVIVE THE HUNTING SEASON
4 YOUNG FEMALES DIE FROM HUNTING
ASSUME 9 HARVEST RATE
HUNTING SEASON -- YOUNG FEMALES
42 FEMALES SURVIVE THE HUNTING SEASON
4 YOUNG FEMALES DIE FROM HUNTING
ASSUME 9 HARVEST RATE
11
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12
NATURAL WINTER MORTALITY -- YOUNG FEMALES
38 YOUNG FEMALES SURVIVE THE WINTER
4 DIE
ASSUME 11 WINTER MORTALITY AFTER HUNTING
NATURAL WINTER MORTALITY -- YOUNG FEMALES
38 YOUNG FEMALES SURVIVE THE WINTER
4 DIE
ASSUME 11 WINTER MORTALITY AFTER HUNTING
13
LOSS OF YOUNG FEMALES -- FIRST YEAR
52 FIRST NESTING
37 RENESTING
lt1 WINTER
10 BROOD-REARING
lt1 HUNTING
ASSUME STABLE POPULATION TOTAL OF 815 EGGS
DESTROYED AND FEMALES KILLED
14
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15
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16
ADULT FEMALE MORTALITY -- BREEDING SEASON
100 HENS
32 DIE
68 SURVIVE TO HUNTING SEASON
ASSUME 72 SURVIVAL THROUGH NESTING PERIOD 95
SURVIVAL BETWEEN NESTING AND HUNTING SEASON
ADULT FEMALE MORTALITY -- BREEDING SEASON
100 HENS
32 DIE
68 SURVIVE TO HUNTING SEASON
ASSUME 72 SURVIVAL THROUGH NESTING PERIOD 95
SURVIVAL BETWEEN NESTING AND HUNTING SEASON
17
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18
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19
ADULT FEMALE MORTALITY -- WINTER PERIOD
62 SURVIVE THE WINTER
3 DIE
ASSUME 4 WINTER MORTALITY
ADULT FEMALE MORTALITY -- WINTER PERIOD
62 SURVIVE THE WINTER
3 DIE
ASSUME 4 WINTER MORTALITY
20
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21
LOSS OF ALL FEMALES -- ONE YEAR
853 DEATHS
EGGS
LOSS OF ALL FEMALES -- ONE YEAR
853 DEATHS
50
35
4
EGGS
NESTING
50
35
lt1
WINTER
4
10
WINTER
NESTING
lt1
lt1
10
lt1
lt1
HUNTING
lt1
815 YOUNG FEMALES DIE / EGGS DESTROYED 38 ADULT
FEMALES DIE
HUNTING
lt1
lt1
815 YOUNG FEMALES DIE / EGGS DESTROYED 38 ADULT
FEMALES DIE
22
Vital Rates and Change in Population Size of
Prairie Mallards
Winter
Survival
Duckling Survival
Nest Success
5
18
41
19
15
2
Hen Survival
Renesting
Hatchability
23
Potential Hen Losses During the Annual Cycle
(per 100 breeding hens)
800
Adult Hens
Potential Young Hens
600
Losses
400
200
0
Nesting
Brood-
Hunting
Winter
Nesting
Brood-
Hunting
Winter
rearing
rearing
Annual Cycle
24
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