Rhetorical Terms

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Rhetorical Terms

• Review

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How to Play

• A rhetorical term will appear on the screen
• As a group, you will have 30 seconds to define it
  on your paper
• When time is up, every group will read their
  answer
• Groups that correctly define the word earn 100
  points groups that have no answer or an
  incorrect answer earn 0 points

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Ad Hominem argument

• to or against the man This is an argument that
  appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feeling
  rather than intellect. You attack the person as
  opposed to the persons argument

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Diction

• The writers word choices

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Allusion

• A direct or indirect reference to something that
  is presumably commonly known, such as an event, a
  book, a myth, or a work of art. Allusions can be
  historical, literary, or mythical

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Analogy

• A similarity or comparison between two different
  things or the relationship between them.

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Didactic

• Instructive

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Polysyndeton

• The use, for rhetorical effect, of more
  conjunctions than is necessary or natural

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Antecedent

• The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a
  pronoun.

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Denotation

• The strict, literal dictionary definition of a
  word

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Imagery

• Sensory details (see, hear, touch, smell, taste)

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Chiasmus

• A figure of speech based on inverted parallelism.
  It is a rhetorical figure in which two clauses
  are related to each other through a reversal of
  terms.

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Clause

• A grammatical unit that contains both a subject
  and a verb.

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Connotation

• The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word

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Figurative language / figure of speech

• Writing or speech that is not intended to carry a
  literal meaning it is usually imaginative and
  vivid

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Hyperbole

• A figure of speech deliberately exaggerating or
  overstatement Often has a comic effect

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Personification

• A figure of speech in which the author presents
  or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate
  objects by endowing them with human attributes or
  emotions

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Euphemism

• More agreeable or less offensive substitute for
  generally unpleasant words or concepts

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Alliteration

• The repetition of sounds, especially initial
  consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words

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Irony

• The contrast between what is stated explicitly
  and what is really meant.
• Verbal
• Situational
• dramatic

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Loose sentence

• A type of sentence in which the main idea comes
  first, followed by a dependent grammatical units
  such as phrases or clauses

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metaphor

• A figure of speech using a implied comparison of
  seemingly unlike things. Something literal is
  compared to something figurative

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metonymy

• substitute name
• A figure of speech in which the name of one
  object is substituted for that of another closely
  associated with it

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narrative

• The telling of a story or an account of an event
  or series of events

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oxymoron

• A figure of speech in wherein the author groups
  apparently contradictory terms to suggest a
  paradox.

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Paradox

• A statement that appears to be self-contradictory
  or opposed to common sense, but upon closer
  inspection contains some degree of truth or
  validity

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Parallelism

• beside one another
• The repetition of grammatical elements
• The rhetorical framing of words, phrases,
  sentences, or paragraphs to give structural
  similarity

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Parody

• A work that closely imitates the style of content
  of another with the specific aim of comic effect
  or ridicule

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Pedantic

• An adjective that describes words, phrases, or
  general tone that is overly scholarly, academic,
  or bookish

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Periodic sentence

• A sentence that presents its central meaning in a
  main clause at the end

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Juxtaposition

• Placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas
  close together or side by side, especially for
  comparison or contrast
• What is the difference between antithesis and
  juxtaposition

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Repetition

• The duplication, either exact or approximate, of
  any element of language, such as sound, word,
  phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern

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Rhetoric

• Orator
• The principles governing the art of writing
  effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.

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Rhetorical modes

• List all 4
• Exposition
• Argumentation
• Description
• narrative

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sarcasm

• to tear flesh
• Involves bitter caustic language that is meant to
  hurt or ridicule someone or something.

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Satire

• A work that targets human vices or follies, or
  social institutions and conventions, for reform
  or ridicule

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Simile

• An explicit comparison between two unlikely
  things using like as or if

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Symbol

• Anything that represents or stands for something
  else

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Non sequitur

• An inference that does not follow logically from
  the premises
• does not follow

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Theme

• The central idea or message of a work
• Other terms include...

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Syllogism

• reckoning together
• A deductive system of logic that presents a major
  premise, a minor premise, then a conclusion

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Syntax

• The way an author chooses to join words into
  phrases, clauses, and sentences

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ellipsis

• The omission of a word or a phrase which is
  grammatically necessary but can be deduced from
  the context

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epithet

• A term used to point out a characteristic of a
  person
• Can be abusive or offensive (connotation)

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tone

• The authors attitude toward his/her subject

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Asyndeton

• A construction in which elements are presented in
  a series without conjunctions

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Understatement

• Litotes
• An affirmation is made indirectly by denying the
  opposite
• Meiosis
• Something is referred to in terms less important
  than it really deserves

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Apostrophe

• A figure of speech that directly addresses an
  absent or imaginary person or personified
  abstraction, such as love or liberty.

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Colloquialism

• Slang or informality in speech or writing. A
  conversational, familiar tone.

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allegory

• Using character and/or story elements
  symbolically to represent an abstraction in
  addition to the literal meaning

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synecdoche

• Using one part of an object to represent the
  entire object

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Antithesis

• A figure of speech involving a seeming
  contradicting of ideas, words, clauses, or
  sentences within a balanced grammatical
  structure. The resulting parallelism serves to
  emphasize the opposition of ideas

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Rhetorical Terms

• Round Two

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• This time, either a definition or (more likely)
  an example will appear on the screen
• As a group, you will have 30 seconds to identify
  on your paper the device being defined or used
• When time is up, every group will read their
  answer
• Groups that correctly identify the device earn
  100 points groups that have no answer or an
  incorrect answer earn 0 points

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Alliteration

• She sells sea shells

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Ad Hominem argument

• to or against the man This is an argument that
  appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feeling
  rather than intellect. You attack the person as
  opposed to the persons argument

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Metonymy

• The white house declared war.

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Oxymoron

• Jumbo shrimp

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Personification

• A figure of speech in which the author presents
  or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate
  objects by endowing them with human attributes or
  emotions

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Parallelism

• I came, I saw, I conquered

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Chiasmus

• A figure of speech based on inverted parallelism.
  It is a rhetorical figure in which two clauses
  are related to each other through a reversal of
  terms.

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Chiasmus

• ...ask not what your country can do for youask
  what you can do for your country...

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Antecedent

• The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a
  pronoun.

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Rhetorical Question

• Do you believe in love at first sight?

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narrative

• The telling of a story or an account of an event
  or series of events

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Periodic Sentence

• Ecstatic with my AP scores, I let out a loud
  shout of joy!

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denotation

• The strict, literal dictionary definition of a
  word

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Paradox

• Fair is foul, foul is fair

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Euphemism

• More agreeable or less offensive substitute for
  generally unpleasant words or concepts

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Asyndeton

• Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good,
  Very Bad Day.

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Allusion

• The polar regions are a kind of Achilles heel of
  the atmosphere.

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Parody

• A work that closely imitates the style of content
  of another with the specific aim of comic effect
  or ridicule

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Polysyndeton

• I went to sleep with gum in my mouth and now
  theres gum in my hair and when I got out of bed
  this morning I tripped on the skateboard and by
  mistake I dropped my sweater in the sink while
  the water was running and I could tell it was
  going to be a terrible, horrible, no good, very
  bad day.

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Synecdoche

• you've got to come take a look at my new set of
  wheels

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Rhetorical Terms

• Round Three

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• On the next slide, the name of a device will
  appear.
• As a group, you will have two minutes to write
  and original example of that device.
• When time is up, every group will read their
  answer
• Groups that accurately create and example of the
  device earn 500 points groups that have no
  answer or an incorrect answer earn 0 points

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• Syllogism