Centre for External Safety ir C.M. van Luijk, director

1
Centre for External Safety ir C.M. van Luijk,
director

• RIVM
• national institute for public health and the
  environment

2
Presentation

• Centre for External Safety
• Seveso 2 in the Netherlands
• Emergency respons organisation
• Safeti/Phast QRA software
• Environmental Accident Squad

3
Centre for External Safety

• External Safety
• Safety, accidents, risk for THIRD PARTY
• People outside the fence
• Risk due to chemical substances (Chlorine, LPG)
• Process, storage, transport

• The Centre
• Nearly 20 staff members
• Most chemists and some physicist

4
Centre for External Safety

• Our jobs
• Supporting the Ministry of Environment
• policy making
• Supporting the Environmental Inspectorate and
  local authorities
• assessment of specific risk situations
• assesment of safety reports
• plant/site visits

5
Some more accidents

• 1966 Feyzin 18/0
• 1970 Crescent City 0/0
• 1974 Flixborough 28/0
• 1975 DSM 14/0
• 1976 Seveso 0/0
• 1978 Los Alphaques 1/216
• 1984 Bhopal 0/3000
• 1984 Mexico City 650

Lethalities, in/outside the fence
6
Legislation from Europe

• Seveso directive 82/501 EEC (1982)

7
1986 Premises for Risk Management
8
Legislation from Europe

• Seveso directive (1982)
• Besluit Risicos Zware ongevallen (BRZO, 1988)
• The Major Accident Decree (1988)
• Seveso-2 directive (1996)
• BRZO-99
• The Major Accident Decree 1999

9
The Major Accident Decree 1999

• Companies have to comply with the Decree when
  there is a certain amount of chemical substances
  in process (also intermediates) or storage
• Limits for specific substances
• Limits for classes
• (very) toxics, flammables, explosives

10
The Major Accident Decree 1999

• Companies need to have a
• Safety Report
• Accident scenarios
• Individual risk
• Societal risk
• Safety management system
• Emergency plan

11
The Safety Report

• Companies have to make a safety report according
  to the coloured books
• The Yellow Book
• Physiscal models
• The Green Book
• Damage and vulnerability models
• The Purple Book
• Guideline for using the Yellow and Green books,
  other information and how to prepare a safety
  report

12
Again the QUESTION

• Why are we doing all of this?

13
Enschede 2000
14
Centre for External Safety

• National Institute of Public Health and the
  Environment
• 1800 employees
• Bilthoven, the Netherlands
• Our centre
• Since 2002
• 18 (scientific) employees
• explosives 3
• dangerous substances in general 15
• Chemists / chemical engineers physicists

15
External Safety
16
Individual Risk
10 -6 no new houses existing houses,
offices allowed 10 -5 no houses no
vulnarable objects
17
Societal Risk
10-3
10-4
10-5
Frequency (F)
10-6
10-7
10-8
Potential loss of life (PLL)
1
10
100
1000
Lethal victims (N)
18
Who are we working for?

• Ministry of Environment
• policy making
• Environmental Inspectorate and local authorities
• assessment of specific risk situations (spatial
  planning)
• assessment of safety reports
• plant/site visits
• other Ministries
• regional fire brigades
• .

19
Responsibilities in the Netherlands
Ministry of Environment - Policy and legislation
local authoriteis - give permits - controling
companies
Environmental Inspectorate supervising the -
local authoriteis - companies
Companies - request permit
20
Support of Ministry of Environment

• Guidelines for Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)
• method development
• Register for risk situations involving hazardous
  substances
• KIEV-project
• solving the problem of spatial planning and
  transport of hazardous substances in several city
  areas

21
Quantitative Risk Assesment (QRA)- support of
Ministry of Environment

• CPR 18E Dutch QRA guideline
• for establisments and transport
• 1 selection of risk determining installations
• 2 general incident scenarios and failure data
• for vessels, reactors, pipes, warehouses .
• 3 outflow and dispersion
• flammable, toxic and explosive substances
• 4 Exposure to humans (dosis effect relations)
• 5 Results individual and societal risk curves

22
Individual Risk
Not Acceptable
Acceptable if NEW
Increasing risk
10-6/year
Acceptable risk
10-8/year
Nigligible
23
Risk contour example
24
Register for risk situations- support of
Ministry of Environment

• Establishments
• SEVESO II companies, ammonia cooling
  installations, storage of chemicals / fireworks,
  LPG filling stations, shunting yards etc.
• Transport routes
• road, rail, water, pipelines
• Substances (toxic, explosive, flammable)
• Effect distances, risk contours
• Internet (map scale 1 10,000)

25
(No Transcript)
26
Support of the environmental inspectorate

• Emergency response organisation for chemical
  accidents
• 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
• Toulouse 2001 Investigation on production plants
  and storage of ammoniumnitrate in the Netherlands
• Evaluation of the implementation of SEVESO II
  Directive (of 30 SEVESO companies)
• study of safety reports
• on-site inspection of safety management system
  and technical safety measures to prevent major
  accidents

27
Support of local authorities

• Assessment of specific situations (spatial
  planning)
• establishments
• transport routes of hazardous substances
• examples
• safety distances,
• domino effects
• preventive and repressive measures
• fire extinguishing systems in warehouses
• ...

28
Efforts in the field of fireworks and explosives

• 2 permanent full time positions
• Soedesh Mahesh
• Mirjam van der Plas
• advising and supporting
• national government
• regional and local authorities
• environmental inspectorates
• legal advisors (fire brigade)
• scientific-technical know-how
• knowledge on policy (making)
• CEV can advise, not must

29
calculated individual risc contours
30
Fireworks Act

• Consumer fireworks class 1.4
• Professional fireworks 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1
• Maximum storage quantity for professional
  fireworks 6000 kg
• Safety distances professional fireworks storage
• lt750 kg 400 m
• gt750 to 6000 kg 800 m
• Given this requirements not realised in NL

31
Support in the field of fireworks

• Advice on actual situations concerning storage
  and sale of consumer fireworks
• Transfer of fireworks containers in Dutch
  seaports
• Safety distances to the public during a fireworks
  display
• Employee safety during a fireworks display
• CEN Technical Committee 212
• Contribution to various expert committees, i.e.
  CHAF (NL-part and Critical Review Panel)

32
Storage, transport and transfer of explosives for
civil use in NL

• No legislation for storage and transfer
• Explosives include also ammunition
• Guidance on storage
• new situations effect approach
• existing situations effect approach, in case of
  conflicting objects risk approach
• method for existing situations deduced from
  method for storage for military purposes
• Assessment of transfer as yet equal to that of
  storage

33
(No Transcript)