Sectional Conflict Intensifies

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Chapter 10

• Sectional Conflict Intensifies

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Chapter 10 Outline

• Section 1 Slavery and Western Expansion
• a. Impact of the Mexican War
• b. The Search for Compromise
• Section 2 Mounting Violence
• a. Uncle Toms Cabin
• b. The Fugitive Slave Act
• c. The Transcontinental Railroad
• d. The Kansas-Nebraska Act

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Chapter 10 Outline

• Section 3 The Crisis Deepens
• a. Birth of the Republican Party
• b. The Election of 1856
• c. Sectional Divisions Grow
• d. Lincoln and Douglass
• e. John Browns Raid
• Section 4 The Union Dissolves
• a. The Election of 1860
• b. Compromise Fails
• c. Civil War Begins

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Slavery and Western Expansion

• Chapter 10
• Section 1

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Impact of the Mexican War

• James K. Polk

• From the south and owned slaves
• Thought that territory gained was useless
• Cannot fail to destroy the Democratic Party, if
  it does not ultimately threaten to destroy the
  Union itself.

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Wilmot Proviso

• David Wilmot- Pennsylvania Congressman
• No slavery in
• new territories

David Wilmot
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Calhoun Resolutions

• States own territory in common and Congress has
  no right to ban slavery.
• Political revolution, anarchy, and Civil War
  would erupt

John Calhoun
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Impact of the Mexican War

• Popular Sovereignty
• Moderate Lewis Cass
• proposes popular
• sovereignty.
• Each territory decides
• whether to have slavery
• or not.

Lewis Cass
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Impact of the Mexican War

• Free Soil Party
• Conscience Whigs- Anti Slavery
• Cotton Whigs- Linked to cotton industry
• Conscience Whigs leave the Whig Party
• and merge with the other groups
• They form the Free Soil Party

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Impact oF the Mexican War

• The Election of 1848
• Free Soil Party- Martin Van Buren
• Democrats- Lewis Cass
• Whigs- Zachary Taylor
• Taylor Elected.

Zachary Taylor
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The Search for Compromise

• The Forty-Niners
• Gold was discovered in 1848
• By the end of 1849 80,000 prospectors had arrived
• They are nicknamed the 49ers
• California applied for Statehood as a free state
• This upset the Balance of Power

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The Search for Compromise

• The Great Debate Begins
• Henry Clay proposes a compromise for the
  remaining territories.
• Calhoun responds with a warning
• Daniel Webster calls for national unity
• A compromise-the Compromise of 1850. is reached.

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Mounting Violence

• Chapter 10
• Section 2

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Uncle Toms Cabin

• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Changed the Northern perception of Slavery
• Southerners Tried to have it banned
• Considered one of the causes of the Civil War

Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Fugitive Slave Act

• The Acts Inflammatory Effects
• The Act fueled Northern resentment
• Caused Northern resistance to grow
• The main outlet of resistance was The
  Underground Railroad

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The Underground Railroad

• Route to free slaves from the South
• Included Harriet Tubman, a runaway slave
• Conductors and slaves had songs with codes.

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The Transcontinental Railroad

• Connected the East and West Coasts
• Stephen Douglass Wanted the Railroad to run
  through Chicago.
• He put forth legislation to organize the
  territory west of Missouri and Iowa
• Called the Kansas-Nebraska Act

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Douglass Proposed repealing the Missouri
  Compromise and making Nebraska Free and Kansas a
  slave state.
• The act passed in 1854 and caused Kansas to have
  a civil war called Bleeding Kansas
• Pro-Slavery Forces arrived and terrorized the
  anti-slavery proponents.
• By the middle of May 1856, Kansas would have two
  governments.
• By the end of 1856 there were over 200 people
  dead.

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The Caning of Charles Sumner

• Charles Sumner- MA Senator
• Delivered a speech accusing SC Senator Andrew P.
  Butler of choosing a mistress the harlot,
  slavery.
• SC House Rep. Preston Brooks (Butlers cousin)
  caned Sumner on the floor of the senate in
  response.
• Sumner was severely injured
• Southerners Cheered Brooks
• Northerners were outraged

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act
When did Kansas become a state?
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The Crisis Deepens

• Chapter 10
• Section 3

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Birth of the Republican Party

• Republicans Organize
• Anger over the Kansas- Nebraska Act Splits the
  Whigs
• Members of the Whig, Democratic, and Free Soil
  parties combine a new coalition-The Republican
  Party

Abraham Lincoln
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The Election of 1856

• Candidates
• John C. Fremont
• James Buchanan
• Millard Fillmore
• Buchanan is elected because he campaigns on
  saving the Union.

John C. Fremont
James Buchanan
Millard Fillmore
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Sectional Divisions Grow

• Dred Scott
• Slave who was brought into free territory to live
• Sued for his freedom
• He lost
• The Case intensified sectional conflict
• Democrats Cheered the decision
• Republicans condemned it

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Lincoln and Douglass

• Illinois Senate Race
• Abraham Lincoln- A house divided against itself
  cannot stand.
• Stephen A. Douglas- The Little Giant.
• Lincoln believed slavery to be morally wrong, but
  not a abolitionist.
• Douglass Freeport Doctrine- keep slavery out
  by refusing to pass the laws needed to enforce it

Abraham Lincoln
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John Browns Raid

• Fervent abolitionist who led an insurrection
  against slave holders at Harpers Ferry Federal
  Arsenal in Virginia.
• He would free and arm the slaves and he thought
  the slaves would rise up and kill all the slave
  holders.
• Col. Robert E. Lee took a company of US Marines
  into the arsenal and put down John Browns
  rebellion.
• John Brown Was captured, tried and executed by
  hanging.

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The Union Dissolves

• Chapter 10
• Section 4

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The Election of 1860

• Lincoln- Republican
• candidate- anti-slavery,
• higher tariffs
• Douglass- Northern
• Democrats choice
• Breckinridge- Southern
• Democrats Choice
• Bell- Constitutional Union
• Party Candidate
• Lincoln is elected-South
• Carolina secedes.

Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglass
John Bell
John C. Breckinridge
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Compromise Fails

• A last attempt at peace
• The Lower South (SC,AL,FL,GA,LA,TX,MS) seceded by
  Feb. 1, 1861.
• Crittendens Compromise is proposed. It would
  guarantee slavery where it already existed and
  reinstate the Missouri Compromise line extending
  to the California Border
• It fails and The Civil war begins.

Bonnie Blue Secession Flag
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Compromise Fails

• Founding the Confederacy
• First capital is Montgomery, AL.
• Called the Confederate States of America.
  (Confederacy)
• Jefferson Davis is the First President.
• General Robert E. Lee will Command the
  Confederate Army.

Flag of the Confederate States of America
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The Civil War Begins

• Fort Sumter Falls
• Lincoln tries to re-supply
• Davis attacks the fort
• Civil War Begins on April 12, 1861
• Maj. Robert Anderson surrenders Fort Sumter
• Upper South secedes
• June 1861- Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, North
  Carolina secede

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The Civil War Begins

• Hanging on to the Border States
• Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, are on the fence
• Lincoln send troops into Baltimore- Maryland Safe
• Kentucky votes to stay neutral, eventually joins
  Union
• Missouri votes to stay in the Union