The Crusades

1
The Crusades

• Wars for the Holy Land

2
What

• Wars fought between the Christians and the
  Muslims, for control over the holy city of
  Jerusalem

3
Who
Europeans
Seljuk Turks

• Christians
• Pope Urban II
• -Council of Clermont
• Richard the Lion-Hearted
• -3rd Crusade
• 1189

• Muslims
• Saladin

4
Where

• Throughout the Middle East and Europe
• (Jerusalem)

5
When

• They took place between the 1100s and 1200s,
  lasting nearly 100 years

6
Why?

• Pope wanted more power
• Recapture Jerusalem
• Hatred of non-Christians
• Escape from feudal oppression
• Christians wanted to be absolved of their sins
  (heaven)
• Travel
• Adventure
• Wealth
• Trade

7
Three Major Crusades

• First Crusade- led to the capture of Jerusalem
  and fueled support for the Crusades
• Second Crusade- attempt to recapture land that
  had been lost back to the Muslims after the first
  Crusade, unsuccessful
• Third Crusade- city of Jerusalem lost back to
  Muslims, struggle to recapture it (unsuccessful)
• Other crusades follow, but fail to recapture
  territories (Childrens Crusade)

8
Why did the Crusades fail?

1. There was never a supreme commander power
   struggles disunity
2. Poor tactics and strategy
3. Lack of geographical knowledge
4. Refusal to swear allegiance to the Byzantine
   emperor and receive his support and information
5. Difficulties in maintaining supplies led to
   barbarian acts by civilized Europeans
6. Established a castle defense never incorporated
   the allegiance of the local people

9
Effects

• Increased religious hatred
• Christian Jewish Muslim
• Renewal of interest in classic texts, art and
  literature
• CULTURAL DIFFUSION
• New technology building mapmaking skills,
  compasses, military skill and weaponry from the
  East

10
Effects

• Church begins to lose power

Decline of Feudalism
Kings Nobles gain more power
11
Effects

• Growth of trade silk, spices, sugar, etc
• End of Manorialism
• Now economy based on money, not land!

12
Homework Question

• Were the Crusades successful failures?