Construction Technology - Excavation

1
Construction Technology - Excavation

• The first step in construction
• Land is excavated to provide for utilities,
  improved surfaces and structures
• Excavation plans are designed by civil engineers

2
Where To Dig?

• Guidance Systems
• Transit and Engineers Rod - used to measure cut
  depths, slopes
• The engineers rod is placed where dirt is being
  added or removed
• The surveyor looks through the transit at the
  number on the rod

3
Laser Guidance

• A laser is precisely positioned
• It projects onto a target on the earthmover
• Depending on where it hits the target the dozer
  raises or lowers its blade

4
Batter Boards

• Batter boards provide a place to anchor strings
  to guide excavation
• Strings provide straight lines to dig along

5
Excavators

• Excavator
• This is a hydraulically driven machine
• Used mainly for digging holes, trenches and
  placing heavy objects
• Can be equipped with grapplers, rock breakers,
  etc.

6
Bulldozer

• One of the first earthmovers developed
• used in large scale construction
• its main implement is the front mounted blade
  used for pushing dirt
• may be equipped with rippers, winches, etc.

7
Front End Loader

• Developed in the 1940s
• Mainly used for general loader work
• Can also be used as a tool carrier
• Due to expense used only in large scale
  construction projects

8
Motor Grader

• Used to cut grades
• mostly used in road construction and large earth
  moving operations
• requires the most skilled operators

9
Off Road Dump Truck

• Hauls large quantities of dirt, rocks and
  construction debris
• Useful when large distances must be covered

10
Scraper

• Used to cut and carry earth
• Often laser guided to produce flat grades
• Capable of cutting or dumping earth at controlled
  depths
• Some are tandem engine