Title: Disease Linkages and the Seven Daughters of Eve
1Disease Linkages and the Seven Daughters of Eve
- DNA and Your Health
- Presentation by Donald N. Yates, Ph.D.
2Mitochondrial Eve
3Deoxyribonucleic Acid
4Cellular Level
5Heterozygous disease
- Sickle cell anemia and resistance to malaria
- Longevity and Alzheimers --?
- Autosomal dominant only need one copy of gene
(one parent will have full-blown disease, e.g.
Huntingtons disease) - Autosomal recessive need two copies of the
disease
6Replication DNA copying itself
7Types of Mutation
8Spontaneous Mutation
9(No Transcript)
10Mitochondrial Eve
11Mitosis and Meiosis
12Review 1
- When did mitochondrial Eve live
- What are mitochondria
- Why does it allow tracing of lineages?
- Difference between mitochondrial and autosomal
disease - Difference between dominant and recessive
13Before the Dawn
- Before even prehistory
- Homo sapiens sapiens was not alone
- Homo erectus
- Neanderthals
- Homo florensiensis
- Evolutionary theory
- Nicolas Wade book
14Human Migrations in Prehistory
15(No Transcript)
16Indo-Europeans
17After the Last Ice Age - Males
18Daughters of Eve in Europe
- Helena 48
- Ursula 19
- Jasmine 10
- Tara 8
- Katrina 6
- Velda 5
- Xenia 2
19Male Haplogroups
20Celts Key to Settlement of Europe
21Neolithic Revolution
22BantuExpansion
23Barbarian Movements
24Jewish Ethnic Divisions
- Sephardic
- Ashkenazi
- Khazars
- Mizrahim
- Romaniote
- Kaifeng
25Conquests of Islam (to 750)
26Diaspora of Sephardic Jews after 1492
27The Great Migration
- 1500-1789 Colonial Period
- 1650-1790 15 million Africans
- 1789-1870 Western European
- 1830-1850 Indians put on Western res.
- 1870-1924 Eastern European
- Since 1910 7 million blacks to North
- Since 1949 Jews to Israel
- Hispanics in U.S., Arabs in Europe
28Review 2
- Human peopling of the world
- Indo-Europeans, Celts, agriculturalists
- Barbarians
- The Great Migration
- Africans
- Native Americans
29Jewish Diseases
- Tay-Sachs Disease
- Familial Mediterranean Fever
- Blooms Syndrome
- Gaucher Disease
- Machado Joseph Disease
- Breast and Ovarian Cancer
- Anemias
- LHON
30Types of Testing
- Newborn
- Diagnostic
- Carrier
- Predictive, presymptomatic
- Forensic
31Genetic Health Risks
- Alcohol Flush Reaction
- Age-related Macular Degeneration
- Bitter Taste Perception
- Non-ABO Blood Groups
- Breast Cancer
- Celiac Disease
- Colorectal Cancer
- Crohn's Disease
32Genetic Health Risks - 2
- Earwax Type
- Eye Color
- G6PD Deficiency
- Heart Attack
- Resistance to HIV/AIDS
- Lactose Intolerance
- Lung Cancer
- Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
- Malaria Resistance (Duffy Antigen)
- Multiple Sclerosis
33Genetic Health Risks - 3
- Muscle Performance
- Norovirus Resistance
- Obesity
- Prostate Cancer
- Psoriasis
- Restless Legs Syndrome
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Sickle Cell Anemia Malaria Resistance
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Venous Thromboembolism
34Review 3
- Types of testing, screening
- Types of genetic diseases
- Examples of risk factors you can screen for
35Male and Female Lines
36Alleles basic units of variation
37Why siblings can be so different
38CODIS MARKERS
39History of DNA Fingerprinting
- 1985 PCR
- 1988 FBI starts DNA casework
- 1991 First paper reporting Y-STRs
- 1998 FBI launches CODIS database
- 2005 OmniPop population database
- 2006 DNA Testing introduces DNA Fingerprint Test
40Uses of CODIS Profiles
- Forensic cases -- matching suspect with evidence
- Paternity testing -- identifying father
- Historical investigations
- Missing persons investigations
- Mass disasters -- putting pieces back together
- Military DNA dog tag
- Convicted felon DNA databases
41DNA Fingerprint Test
- Melungeons
- Basis is CODIS-15
- OmniPop 360
- ENFSI
- All customized and personalized
Beth Hirschman
42CODIS scores in report
43(No Transcript)
44Analysis and Conclusion
45World Ancestry Map of John Doe
46Certificate of Testing
47Linkage Disequilibrium for Mitochondrial
Haplotypes
- Helena is prone to developing Alzheimers
- Jasmine is susceptible to passing all the Jewish
diseases - Ursulas often have occipital strokes in old age
48Other Linkages
- Lactose intolerance Jews, Mediterranean
lineages, Asians - Graves Disease in Chinese Han
- Sickle cell anemia Africans and African
Americans - Athletic gene long-distance runners versus
sprinters - Intelligence gene
49Ongoing Genome-Wide Linkage Research
- Diabetes
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Coronary heart disease
- Prostate cancer
50Review 4
- CODIS markers
- Alleles
- DNA Fingerprint Test
- OmniPop
- ENFSI
- Melungeons
- Linkage disequilibrium