1
Italian Unification
2
I.) Nationalism in Italy

• Congress of Vienna again divided Italy into
  multiple states
• 1. Austria rules city-states of
• Lombardy Venetia
• 2. Spanish Bourbon family rules
• Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
• 3. Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia is
• largest most powerful city-state

3

• 1815 -1848 sense of Nationalism rises in Italy
• Nationalism devotion to the interests or culture
  of one's nation
• 1. Risorgimento nationalist movement in
  Italy with goals
• 
  of liberation and unification

• a. Carboni (coal burners) nationalist
  secret society
• b. Giuseppe Mazzini famous Carboni
  creates the
• Young
  Italy Movement in 1832
• Goal spread nationalist ideas
• 1. led rebellion in 1848 and 1849
• 
  (success in 1848 but loses gains in 1849)

4
II.) Sardinia Leads Unification

• King Victor Emmanuel II leader of
  Piedmont-Sardinia adopts a liberal constitution
  in 1848
• Camillo Benso di Cavour nationalist prime
  minister wanted to increase political influence
  for city-state

• Goals
• 1. control N. Italy for Sardinia
• a. War w/ Austria France an ally
• Outcome Gain Lombardy
• Austria keeps
  Venetia

5

• Cavour turns south (Two Sicilies) by secretly
  supporting...
• 1. Giuseppe Garibaldi Italian nationalist
• leader of Red Shirt
  Army
• conquers Two Sicilies and
  Naples

• 1860 Garibaldi Emmanuel II meet in Naples
  agree to join forces
• Outcome Kingdom of Italy created

6
III.) Unification

• Plebiscites held throughout Italy vote for
  unification
• Meeting in Turin (1861) Victor Emmanuel II
  confirmed as king
• 1. 1866 Italy gains Venetia in
• war w/Austria
• 2. 1870 Romes citizens vote
• for unification
• Outcome becomes capital

7
IV.) Problems after Unification

• Italy still faced political, social, economic
  problems
• 1. little experience with self government
• 2. rivalries between regions
• 3. standard of living was low
• 4. labor problems grew