CS 290-63: Ubiquitous Computing

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CS 290-63 Ubiquitous Computing
Prasun Dewan
(Pr?sün Divän)
SN 150 Department of Computer Science
University of North Carolina dewan_at_unc.edu www.c
s.unc.edu/ubiq
TR ??? Office Hours ???
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Ubiquitous Computing

• CPU, Memory, Communication

• Computing

• Ubiquitous

• everywhere
• indefinite number of times

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Traditional Computing

• Desktop Computers /Servers

• Embedded Computers

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Ubiquitous More of the Same?

• No new technical issue
• Except scalable networking
• IPV6

• In ubiquitous computing we see new kinds of
  computing

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Interactive Mobile Computers

• Motivation
• Pervasive access to standalone apps
• Calculator, Games, Music, Video

• Issues
• Hardware realization (will be mostly ignored)
• more robust
• lower-power
• lighter weight

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Interactive Mobile

• Software Issues
• Resource-poor
• power
• Scheduling, result accuracy
• I/O devices
• Speech, Handwriting recognition
• Storage
• MEMS
• Tiny OS
• Security
• More vulnerable to theft and destruction
• Exposed to more people

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Strongly-Connected Mobile

• Motivation
• Remote data access
• web, rlogin
• Collaboration
• Email, chat, application-sharing
• Computation offloading

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Strongly-Connected Mobile

• Issues
• Mobile IP
• Address contains location but location variable
• Adapting to mix of heavyweight, lightweight
  computers
• Dynamic application-sharing architectures
• Multi-device collaboration

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Intermittent Connection

• Disconnected and strongly- connected states
• Remote data accessed in disconnected state

• Motivation
• Work in the offline mode
• Paper, spreadsheets

Internet

• Issues
• Local database smaller
• hoarding
• Conflicts can arise
• merging

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Wireless (Weak) Connection

• Additional weakly connected state
• higher delay, error rate

• Motivation
• Ubiquitous remote access

Network
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Wireless (Weak) Connection

• Issues
• Physical Layer
• Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, Infrared
• Optimizing weak connections
• Batching changes propagated for merging
• Transcoding
• Adapting to multiple connection levels
• Adaptive TCP/IP
• Adaptive Transcoding
• Adaptive update propagation for merging

Network
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Networked Embedded Computers

• Connected to network
• send and/or receive

• May be embedded only for network access

• networked appliances

• sensors

Network

• historical sites other locations

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Peer of Networked Embedded Computer?

• Another embedded computer

Network

• Non embedded Computer

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Embedded Peer

• Composite devices
• security system

• Distributed composites vs. hardwired devices

• client-defined composites

• reuse of constituents

Network

• ease of change

• extendibility scalability

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Smart Dust

• Late binding
• Monitoring Temperatures in a Fire
• Monitoring rain levels in a flood

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Embedded Computer communicating with Non embedded
Computer

• Embedded is client
• Embedded is server

Network
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Embedded is Client
Network
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Embedded is Server

• Interactive computer issues commands to embedded
  computer

Network
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Motivation

• Automatic appliance- remote control binding

• A single remote control for arbitrary
  (dissimilar) appliances
• TVs, EKG machines, Water Sprinklers, Car Seats

• Interactive computer can offer different user
  interfaces from conventional controls

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Per-User Control of Shared Appliances

• Mobile device knows owners info
• Favorite channels
• Volume preferences
• Credit card
• PIN
• Files to be printed
• Car-seat tilt angle

• Record/replay
• Pin recorded first time and replayed later

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More Powerful Device

• Output Device
• EKG results
• Refrigerator contents
• Sprinkler settings

• Offline Mode
• Synchronization

• Enter arbitrary input
• Water sprinkler days

• More computation power
• Undo/Redo
• Cut/Paste
• Save
• Macros

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Control Appliance Collections

• Multicast commands
• Start/stop recording images from all cameras
• Switch off all lights in the room
• Switch of all appliances except the refrigerator

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Control Appliance Collections

• Distributed presentation
• On projector, speakers, computer screens

Network
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Motivation Summary

• More universal

• More control

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Networked Embedded Computers

• Issues
• Late binding
• Naming
• Discovery
• IPC
• User-interface deployment
• Multi-appliance control
• Access control
• Existing social protocols not supported by
  existing mechanisms
• All co-located users can use appliance
• Children can see certain channels

Network
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Ad-Hoc Networks

• Peer to peer connections among late bound
  computers

• Motivation
• Spontaneous collaboration
• classroom, war, airport meeting
• Sensor networks
• disaster recovery
• e.g. heat sensors thrown on fire

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Ad-Hoc Networks

• Issues
• No Router
• ad-hoc routing
• Power-aware

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Location-aware computing

• operations based on current, past, and future
  locations of users and devices

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Location-Aware Computing

• Motivation
• location-based action
• nearby local printer, doctor
• nearby remote phone
• directions/maps
• location-based information
• real
• persons location
• history/sales/events
• virtual
• walkthrough
• story of city
• augmented
• touring machine

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Pose-Aware Computing

• Operations based on locations and orientations of
  users and devices
• Motivation
• Augmented reality
• Magic Lens

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Wearable Pose-Aware Computers

• Computers on body
• track body relative movements
• monitor person
• train person

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Location/Pose- Aware Computing

• Issues
• Tracking algorithms
• fine or coarse grained
• Software architecture
• Maintaining privacy

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Summary

• Traditional
• Stationary desktops/servers and
• Embedded
• Ubiquitous
• Interactive mobile
• resource-poor
• security vulnerability
• Strongly-connected mobile
• mobile IP
• adapting to heavyweight/lightweight mix

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Summary

• Ubiquitous computing
• Intermittently connected mobile
• hoarding
• synchronization
• Wireless (weak) communication
• Physical layer
• Optimizing weak connections
• Adaptations for multiple connection levels

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Summary

• Ubiquitous computing
• Networked embedded computers
• Naming
• Discovery
• IPC
• UI deployment
• Access control
• Ad-hoc networking with late bound devices
• ad-hoc routing
• Location and Pose aware
• Tracking
• Architecture
• Privacy
• Wearable
• Avoid strong signals
• Displays

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Beyond Desktops/Servers