Why should the Corps of Engineers be interested in Arc Hydro?

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Arc Hydro GIS for Water Resources
David R. Maidment, University of Texas at Austin

• Why should the Corps of Engineers be interested
  in Arc Hydro?
• Watershed planning
• Reservoir operations
• Flood damage reduction
• Ecosystem restoration

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Hydrologic Information System
Arc Hydro Geodatabase
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1996 Texas Drought

• George W. Bush, (then Governor of Texas) asked
  Tell me how much water we have, how much water
  were using and how much water we need
• State water officials did not have adequate
  answers

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Texas Water Planning

• 1997 Texas Legislature passed Senate Bill 1 which
  provided for
• State-wide geospatial data development
  (topography, hydrography, land use, soils and
  orthophotos)
• Water planning in 14 regions rather than
  state-wide
• Assessment of water availability for all water
  permits

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Hydrologic Cataloging Units (HUCS)
Hydrologic Unit Code 12100203
Guadalupe Basin (4 HUCs)

• 2015 HUCs cover continental US
• average area 1 county

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Water Availability in the Guadalupe Basin
Estimate water availability at each legally
permitted water diversion point based on
naturalized flow at stream gages and the
effects of other permitted diversions
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Digital Elevation Model
San Marcos basin
National Elevation Dataset 30m x 30m
cells 11,000,000 cells to cover San Marcos
basin 70,000,000 cells to cover Guadalupe basin
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Drainage Area Delineated from the Digital
Elevation Model
Arc Hydro attribute DrainArea
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Estimating Naturalized Flow at Diversion Points
Naturalized flow record at stream gage (50
years of monthly flows)
Qf
Af
Qd
Estimated flow record at diversion point
Ad
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Length Downstream
Flow distance (D to F) Length Downstream
(D) Length Downstream (F)
Length Downstream (F)
F
D
D
Seepage losses
F
Length Downstream (D)
Arc Hydro attribute LengthDown
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Water Availability Modeling
Letter to each water permit owner specifying of
permitted flow available during a drought
Completed for 10,000 water permit holders,
1998-2002
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Water Availability Assessment (completed for
10,000 permit holders, 1998-2001)
Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission
Hydrologic modeling by engineering consultants
Letter to each water permit owner specifying of
permitted flow available during a drought
Geospatial data development by Center for
Research in Water Resources, Univ. of Texas
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Accomplishments

• Arc Hydro data model design completed and
  published on web (http//www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr
  )
• Arc Hydro book in production at ESRI Press
• Arc Hydro toolset v. 1.0 in beta testing

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CD-ROM at back of book
Arc Hydro
UML diagrams, Repository, Example
Geodatabases, Toolset, Tutorials
15
Arc Hydro Toolset Ver 1.0
Provides tools for processing raster and vector
data and populating the attributes of the Arc
Hydro data model
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GIS in Water Resources Consortium
Water Resources

• Bringing together these two communities by using
  a common geospatial data model
• http//www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr

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ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
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ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
Hydrology
Hydrography
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Data Model Based on Inventory
Streams Drainage Areas Hydrography Channels
Terrain Surfaces Rainfall Response Digital
Orthophotos
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Data Model Based on Behavior
Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the
land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.
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Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral
Model
Relationships between objects linked by tracing
path of water movement
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Arc Hydro Framework Input Data
Watersheds
Waterbody
Streams
HydroPoints
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Arc Hydro Framework
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Arc Hydro Framework Dataset for the Guadalupe
Basin
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HydroNetwork through Canyon Lake
Flowlines through water body
Generic Junction (for topological connection of
edges)
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HydroJunction has Waterbody Relationship
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Scales of representation of Drainage Systems
Basins drainage areas for water resources
management
Watersheds subdivision of Basin for a
particular hydrologic purpose
Catchments subdivision of Basin into elementary
drainage areas by physical rules
Digital Elevation Model land surface terrain
grid cells
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Watersheds of the Guadalupe Basin
NWS forecast Watersheds (flooding)
Guadalupe HydroNetwork
EPA TMDL Segments (water quality)
TNRCC water availability points (water supply)
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Catchments, DrainageLines and DrainagePoints
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EDNA Elevation Derivatives for National
Application
http//edcw2ks22.cr.usgs.gov/website/edna/viewer.h
tm
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Catchments Subdivided at Watershed Outlet
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Regional Analysis
HydroNetwork to provide connectivity of flow
through large regions
Digital elevation model for terrain analysis
within basins
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Michael Schultz NWS River Forecast Center Fort
Worth, Texas 1998 Guadalupe Flood
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Cross-Sections developed using HEC-GeoRAS
and National Elevation Dataset
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Hydrologic simulation Using NWS Fldwav model
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Guadalupe Network
Study area only 1.4 km!
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Study Area (Guadalupe river near Seguin, TX)
1/2 meter Digital Ortho Photography
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Boat setup for data collection
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Accoustic Doppler Current Profiler
Provides full profiles of water velocity and
direction in the ocean, rivers, and lakes. Also
used for discharge, scour and river bed
topography.
44
Depth Sounder (Echo Sounder)
The electronic depth sounder operates in a
similar way to radar It sends out an electronic
pulse which echoes back from the bed. The echo is
timed electronically and transposed into a
reading of the depth of water.
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Differential GPS Bank to Boat
GPS gives the location of each point collected in
terms of latitude and longitude. Two locations
for differential GPS.
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Channel Data
Each point has (x,y,z)
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Interpolation
Points are interpolated in ArcMap to produce a
continuous surface.
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FishNet (2D)
FishNet is generated in ArcMap using FishNet tool
in ArcGIS.
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3D Visualization in ArcScene
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Centerline
Define the centerline such that it joins the
center of flow (area) at each cross section.
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Measure in ArcGIS
Measures are assigned in meters
154.41
54.37
0
281.36
A PolylineM can store m-values at each vertex
along with x and y coordinates.
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Coordinate Transformation
m is measure along the centerline r is distance
across the river from the centerline
Sinuous river becomes straight when transformed
into (m,r) co-ordinates.
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Coordinate Transformation
Straightened river
Profile line and cross-sections
Sinuous river
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Straightened River in 3D
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Data back to x,y coordinates
Profile lines and cross-sections in (x,y) created
using FishNet in (m,r).
Original river in X,Y
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Profile Lines and Cross Sections in 3D
Birds eye view!
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National Water Information System
Web access to USGS water resources data in real
time
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Streamflow Information in Space and Time
Future Possibilities
Current
Time
Real Time data
Historical daily mean discharge
Streamstats
Streamflow statistics
At Gages
Anywhere on a Stream
Space
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Arc Hydro Time Series Object
TSDateTime
TSValue
FeatureID
TSType
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View 1 Time Series for a Spatial Feature
TSDateTime
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FeatureID
TSType
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View 2 Time Series of a Particular Type
TSDateTime
FeatureID
Evaporation
TSType
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View 3 Time Series of a ParticularType for a
Single Feature
TSDateTime
FeatureID
Evaporation
TSType
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HRAP Cells for Nexrad Data
Average area 14.5 km2
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Water Balance in the Landscape
Atmospheric Water
Precipitation
Evaporation
Runoff
Soil Water
Surface Water
Recharge
Baseflow
Groundwater
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National Hydro Data Programshttp//www.crwr.utexa
s.edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro.html
National Elevation Dataset (NED)
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
Watershed Boundary Dataset
Elevation Derivatives for National Application
(EDNA)
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EDNA Catchments
Average area 7.5 km2
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Modflow Groundwater Cells
Modflow Model of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer
Average area 2.6 km2
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Intersection of Nexrad and Catchments
Surface Water Balance
Atmospheric Water
Soil Water
Surface Water
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Intersection of Nexrad and Modflow Cells
Atmospheric Water
Groundwater Balance
Groundwater
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Intersection of Nexrad, Catchments and Modflow
Atmospheric Water
Soil Water
Surface Water
Groundwater
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Coupling Spatial and Temporal Data
1 hour Nexard Rainfall on the Guadalupe
Basin October 13, 2001
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Arc Hydro and Modeling

• Intrinsic Modeling within a particular
  application eg Excel, ArcGIS
• Dynamic Linked Library tightly coupled package
  of functions (e.g. LibHydro from HEC)
• Independent Modeling separate hydrologic model
  with data exchange

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Dynamic Linked Library
Can have Fortran subroutines in a DLL
Muskingum flow routing
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Independent Hydrologic Model
VB progam reads and writes text files
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Interfaces to Arc Hydro Data and Models
Excel
ArcGIS
Relational Database (Access)
Visual Basic
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Other Arc Hydro Implementations

• USGS
• Stream Stats
• HEC
• GeoRAS
• GeoHMS

Streamstats
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Arc Hydro GIS for Water Resources
David R. Maidment, University of Texas at Austin

• Why should the Corps of Engineers be interested
  in Arc Hydro?
• Watershed planning
• Reservoir operations
• Flood damage reduction
• Ecosystem restoration