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WiFi, UbiComp,

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Title: WiFi, UbiComp,


1
WiFi, UbiComp, Smart Mobs
  • 4.12.2005
  • Knowledge Management Systems
  • Lorrie Ensley

2
Overview
  • Smart Mobs
  • Vision of the Future
  • Cooperation Theory
  • Computation
  • Communication
  • Reputation
  • Location Awareness
  • UbiComp
  • WiFi
  • Issues to Consider
  • Maneki Neko

3
Smart Mobs
  • The new social form made possible by the
    combination of computation, communication,
    reputation, and location awareness (p.169-170)
  • aka Mobile ad hoc social network (p.170)
  • Mobile able to move freely or easily
  • Ad hoc organizing among people and their devices
    is done informally and on the fly
  • Social network every individual is a node in
    the jargon of social analysis, with social
    links (channels of communication and social
    bonds) to other individuals
  • Smart Mobs Website

4
Vision of the Future
  • Rheingolds Shibuya Epiphany
  • Generation Text
  • Social Networking
  • Rheingolds Goal learn about the social forms
    that could grow out of todays roving bands of
    mobile texters
  • Mobile Communication Devices
  • G1 portable analog telephones
  • G2 digital telephones that make use of
    Internet-like services like short text messages
  • G3 wireless Internet in real time to mobile
    devices
  • NTT DoCoMo and I-mode first commercial success
    of G3 service
  • Inexpensive
  • Privacy and space reasons for success
  • Vision 2010 and Looking for the Future Society
  • Likely evolution of mobile devices
  • More transaction functions - M-commerce
  • Pervasive Computing

5
Cooperation Theory
  • Cooperation
  • Pros foundation of finest creations of human
    civilizations
  • Cons free riding, terrorism, and organized
    crime
  • Does a new medium change the way people
    cooperate?
  • History of civilization More people pooling
    resources in new ways
  • Tragedy of the Commons
  • Collective action dilemmas balancing of
    self-interest and public resources
  • Free riders people who enjoy the public
    resource without contributing to it
  • Solution of the managed commons
  • Coping with free-riding and cheating
  • Creating a commitment to cooperate
  • Monitoring compliance with sets of rules
  • Authority Issues
  • Centralized authority vs. decentralized authority
    (rules vs. social pressure)

6
Cooperation Theory
  • Game Theory
  • Tit for Tat most successful scheme
  • Collective Actions that are part of Smart Mobs
  • Reciprocity
  • Cooperation
  • Reputation
  • Social Grooming
  • Social Dilemmas
  • Examples of Modern Public Goods
  • Internet
  • Open Source Software
  • Laws of Social Networks
  • Sarnoffs Law the value of broadcast networks
    is proportionate to the number of viewers
  • Moores Law the amount of elements that can be
    packed into the same amount of space on a
    microchip will double every eighteen months
  • Metcalfes Law the value of a network grows
    proportionately to the square of its nodes ( of
    nodes squared)
  • Reeds Law the value of a network grows
    exponentially to the increase in its nodes
    (2number of nodes)

7
Computation
  • Community Supercomputing
  • P2P Computing (aka Distributed Processing or
    Community Computation)
  • Collective supercomputer spread all over the Net
  • Members share their central processing unit
    computation cycles when they arent using their
    computers
  • Ex SETI_at_home
  • P2P and file sharing
  • Centralized ex Napster
  • Decentralized every client is a server
  • Problems - voluntary cooperation of users leads
    to free riding
  • Solutions
  • Mojo Nation
  • Users required to contribute as much as they take
    away
  • Anonymity
  • Swarm distribution files broken up and
    distributed over the network
  • P2P Collaborative Filtering Systems
  • OpenCOLA
  • Designate things you like in your network folder
  • Network fills the rest of your folder with things
    youll probably like
  • Grid Computing

8
Communication
  • Information Exchange
  • News
  • Gossip
  • Social Changes
  • Bypassing the broadcasting media with blogs,
    mobile phones, and email
  • P2P Journalism
  • Communities
  • Social
  • Political
  • Commercial
  • Swarming
  • Power of many
  • Cooperation for organized movements flocking
    behavior

9
Reputation
  • Blogging
  • Collaborative Filtering
  • Recommender systems
  • Users post comments to advise other users
  • Social Filtering Services collaborative
    filtering by groups to match interests
  • Recommender Communities
  • Ex Epinions.com
  • Reputation Systems
  • eBays reputation system
  • Slashdots Karma system
  • Are universal reputation systems possible?
  • Remember Tit for Tat
  • Fraud

10
Local Awareness
  • Computation Pervaded environments
  • Information and Communications Technologies in
    the Real World (p.84-85)
  • Information in places
  • Media linked to place
  • Smart rooms
  • Sentient Things
  • Adding information and communication to physical
    objects
  • Digital Cities
  • Adding information capabilities to urban places
  • HPs Cooltown
  • Tangible bits
  • Manipulating the virtual world by manipulating
    physical objects
  • Wearable computers
  • Sensing, computing, and communicating gear worn
    as clothing
  • Cyborg communities
  • Control their presence in the technological world

11
Local Awareness
  • Computer chips infiltrating buildings, furniture,
    and even clothing
  • Radio frequency identity tags as successors to
    the barcode
  • Leads to pervasive surveillance questions
  • Geographic Location Devices
  • WorldBoard proposed global infrastructure to
    associate information with places
  • GPS
  • E-squirting
  • Using radio frequencies to transmit information
    between devices
  • Bluetooth

12
UbiComp
  • Ubiquitous Computing theory developed by Mark
    Weiser
  • The invisible, everywhere computing that does
    not live on a personal device of any sort but is
    built in the woodwork everywhere (p.87)
  • Opposite of Virtual Reality not reality built
    into computers but computers built into reality
  • Many computers serve each person

13
WiFi
  • Wireless Quilts
  • War driving
  • Grassroots Wireless Networks
  • Cost Effective
  • Easy to Install
  • Wireless City Projects Austin
  • Ad Hoc P2P Networks
  • Mesh technologies
  • Using mobile devices to swap data, games, and
    music without telecommunication networks
  • Regulation Issues
  • History of radio wave regulation
  • Open Spectrum Argument regulate the devices, not
    the waves
  • Telecommunications Industry issues
  • Grassroots networks are like stealing cable
  • Profitability Wireless Internet Business Model
  • Potential problems
  • Security
  • Radiation
  • Interference

14
Issues to Consider
  • Loss of Privacy
  • In order to cooperate with more people, you need
    to know more about them, and they in turn will
    know more about you
  • Big Everybody
  • Smart Mobs reduces to issues of trust and privacy
  • Personal agents to go-between, filter, and shield
  • Who are the users
  • Good users
  • Bad users
  • Incompetent users
  • Legal Regulatory Battles
  • Threats created by Smart Mobs
  • Liberty
  • Quality of life
  • Dignity

15
Maneki Neko
  • Welcoming good luck cat in Japanese culture
  • Story of future technology
  • Future communication capabilities
  • How life could change
  • Issues of non-adoption
  • Smart Mobs concepts
  • Video Mobile Devices
  • Reciprocal Social Networks
  • Swarming
  • Squirting

16
WiFi, UbiComp, Smart Mobs
  • 4.12.2005
  • Knowledge Management Systems
  • Lorrie Ensley
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