WiFi, UbiComp,

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WiFi, UbiComp, Smart Mobs

• 4.12.2005
• Knowledge Management Systems
• Lorrie Ensley

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Overview

• Smart Mobs
• Vision of the Future
• Cooperation Theory
• Computation
• Communication
• Reputation
• Location Awareness
• UbiComp
• WiFi
• Issues to Consider
• Maneki Neko

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Smart Mobs

• The new social form made possible by the
  combination of computation, communication,
  reputation, and location awareness (p.169-170)
• aka Mobile ad hoc social network (p.170)
• Mobile able to move freely or easily
• Ad hoc organizing among people and their devices
  is done informally and on the fly
• Social network every individual is a node in
  the jargon of social analysis, with social
  links (channels of communication and social
  bonds) to other individuals
• Smart Mobs Website

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Vision of the Future

• Rheingolds Shibuya Epiphany
• Generation Text
• Social Networking
• Rheingolds Goal learn about the social forms
  that could grow out of todays roving bands of
  mobile texters
• Mobile Communication Devices
• G1 portable analog telephones
• G2 digital telephones that make use of
  Internet-like services like short text messages
• G3 wireless Internet in real time to mobile
  devices
• NTT DoCoMo and I-mode first commercial success
  of G3 service
• Inexpensive
• Privacy and space reasons for success
• Vision 2010 and Looking for the Future Society
• Likely evolution of mobile devices
• More transaction functions - M-commerce
• Pervasive Computing

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Cooperation Theory

• Cooperation
• Pros foundation of finest creations of human
  civilizations
• Cons free riding, terrorism, and organized
  crime
• Does a new medium change the way people
  cooperate?
• History of civilization More people pooling
  resources in new ways
• Tragedy of the Commons
• Collective action dilemmas balancing of
  self-interest and public resources
• Free riders people who enjoy the public
  resource without contributing to it
• Solution of the managed commons
• Coping with free-riding and cheating
• Creating a commitment to cooperate
• Monitoring compliance with sets of rules
• Authority Issues
• Centralized authority vs. decentralized authority
  (rules vs. social pressure)

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Cooperation Theory

• Game Theory
• Tit for Tat most successful scheme
• Collective Actions that are part of Smart Mobs
• Reciprocity
• Cooperation
• Reputation
• Social Grooming
• Social Dilemmas
• Examples of Modern Public Goods
• Internet
• Open Source Software
• Laws of Social Networks
• Sarnoffs Law the value of broadcast networks
  is proportionate to the number of viewers
• Moores Law the amount of elements that can be
  packed into the same amount of space on a
  microchip will double every eighteen months
• Metcalfes Law the value of a network grows
  proportionately to the square of its nodes ( of
  nodes squared)
• Reeds Law the value of a network grows
  exponentially to the increase in its nodes
  (2number of nodes)

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Computation

• Community Supercomputing
• P2P Computing (aka Distributed Processing or
  Community Computation)
• Collective supercomputer spread all over the Net
• Members share their central processing unit
  computation cycles when they arent using their
  computers
• Ex SETI_at_home
• P2P and file sharing
• Centralized ex Napster
• Decentralized every client is a server
• Problems - voluntary cooperation of users leads
  to free riding
• Solutions
• Mojo Nation
• Users required to contribute as much as they take
  away
• Anonymity
• Swarm distribution files broken up and
  distributed over the network
• P2P Collaborative Filtering Systems
• OpenCOLA
• Designate things you like in your network folder
• Network fills the rest of your folder with things
  youll probably like
• Grid Computing

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Communication

• Information Exchange
• News
• Gossip
• Social Changes
• Bypassing the broadcasting media with blogs,
  mobile phones, and email
• P2P Journalism
• Communities
• Social
• Political
• Commercial
• Swarming
• Power of many
• Cooperation for organized movements flocking
  behavior

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Reputation

• Blogging
• Collaborative Filtering
• Recommender systems
• Users post comments to advise other users
• Social Filtering Services collaborative
  filtering by groups to match interests
• Recommender Communities
• Ex Epinions.com
• Reputation Systems
• eBays reputation system
• Slashdots Karma system
• Are universal reputation systems possible?
• Remember Tit for Tat
• Fraud

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Local Awareness

• Computation Pervaded environments
• Information and Communications Technologies in
  the Real World (p.84-85)
• Information in places
• Media linked to place
• Smart rooms
• Sentient Things
• Adding information and communication to physical
  objects
• Digital Cities
• Adding information capabilities to urban places
• HPs Cooltown
• Tangible bits
• Manipulating the virtual world by manipulating
  physical objects
• Wearable computers
• Sensing, computing, and communicating gear worn
  as clothing
• Cyborg communities
• Control their presence in the technological world

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Local Awareness

• Computer chips infiltrating buildings, furniture,
  and even clothing
• Radio frequency identity tags as successors to
  the barcode
• Leads to pervasive surveillance questions
• Geographic Location Devices
• WorldBoard proposed global infrastructure to
  associate information with places
• GPS
• E-squirting
• Using radio frequencies to transmit information
  between devices
• Bluetooth

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UbiComp

• Ubiquitous Computing theory developed by Mark
  Weiser
• The invisible, everywhere computing that does
  not live on a personal device of any sort but is
  built in the woodwork everywhere (p.87)
• Opposite of Virtual Reality not reality built
  into computers but computers built into reality
• Many computers serve each person

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WiFi

• Wireless Quilts
• War driving
• Grassroots Wireless Networks
• Cost Effective
• Easy to Install
• Wireless City Projects Austin
• Ad Hoc P2P Networks
• Mesh technologies
• Using mobile devices to swap data, games, and
  music without telecommunication networks
• Regulation Issues
• History of radio wave regulation
• Open Spectrum Argument regulate the devices, not
  the waves
• Telecommunications Industry issues
• Grassroots networks are like stealing cable
• Profitability Wireless Internet Business Model
• Potential problems
• Security
• Radiation
• Interference

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Issues to Consider

• Loss of Privacy
• In order to cooperate with more people, you need
  to know more about them, and they in turn will
  know more about you
• Big Everybody
• Smart Mobs reduces to issues of trust and privacy
• Personal agents to go-between, filter, and shield
• Who are the users
• Good users
• Bad users
• Incompetent users
• Legal Regulatory Battles
• Threats created by Smart Mobs
• Liberty
• Quality of life
• Dignity

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Maneki Neko

• Welcoming good luck cat in Japanese culture
• Story of future technology
• Future communication capabilities
• How life could change
• Issues of non-adoption
• Smart Mobs concepts
• Video Mobile Devices
• Reciprocal Social Networks
• Swarming
• Squirting

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WiFi, UbiComp, Smart Mobs

• 4.12.2005
• Knowledge Management Systems
• Lorrie Ensley