Chapter 30: The Great Depression and the Authoritarian Response

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Chapter 30 The Great Depression and the
Authoritarian Response

• AP World History II

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The Great Depression

• Causes
• War-induced inflation in Germany
• Farmers around the world face overproduction
• Many industries faced overproduction obstacles in
  the post-WWI world
• Increased competition on the world market
• Production exceeded demand in many colonial
  economies

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The Great Depression

• Governments were unable to quell the tide of
  economic mismanagement
• October, 1929 New York Stock Market Crash
• Turns worldwidequickly
• Economies were based on speculation
• Banks, creditors FAIL

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The Great Depression

• Investment recedes
• Industrial production falls
• Fallin wages
• Underemployed and unemployed cant buy goods
  which would heal depression
• The depressionFED ITSELF!

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The Great Depression

• Soviet Union is untouched due to its developing
  SOCIALISM.
• Soviet workers are put under tremendous hardship
  as they industrialize without foreign capital.

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The Great Depression

• Latin America
• Stimulate new kinds of political action
• Unable to stop depression, but set forth new
  stage of political evolution
• Japan
• Increased western suspicion
• Promoted expansionism to Asian markets
• Radical social and political experiments

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The Great Depression

• Western Governments fumble the political/economic
  response
• Increased protectionism
• Rising tariffs
• Governments CUT spending
• Confidence in governments/political processes
  deteriorates
• People turn to radical ideals
• Communism support increases worldwide
• Increased class conflicts, political battles
  between left and right.

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The Great Depression

• TWO political choices
• An incapacitated parliamentary system
• Or
• The overturning of a parliamentary system
• French politics is thrown into disarray with the
  election of the POPULAR FRONT in 1936 (coalition
  of liberal, socialist, communists).
• Conservatives stonewall radical social change

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The Great Depression

• The New Deal
• Franklin Delano Roosevelts plan to bring rapid
  growth to the American Government.
• Didnt solve the depression, but restored faith
  in the political process.
• America doesnt fall into political paralysis

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Nazism/Fascism

• Post WWI Germanya breeding ground for fascism
• The Weimar Republic (German Govnt after WWI) was
  unable to deal with Versailles Treaty terms
• Parliamentary democracy was seen as weak,
  corrupt, and full of class conflict
• Germans wanted a strong state ruled by a powerful
  leader who could revive Germany
• The National Socialist, or NAZI party under Adolf
  Hitler would answer those needs.

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Nazism/Fascism

• Hitler
• unity
• Weakness of parliamentary politics
• The state was greater than the sum of individual
  interests
• Firm stance against socialism and communism
• Glorious foreign policy to undo Versailles Treaty

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Nazism/Fascism

• Hitler
• Eliminated all opposition parties
• Purged the government and military
• Secret police The Gestapo
• Trade unions were replaced by government bodies

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Nazism/Fascism

• Hitler
• Propaganda
• Nationalism
• Attack on Jewish minority
• Anti-Semitism acts as a scapegoat for all of
  Germanys problems
• Blames them for personal issues ,and for
  excessive capitalism, causing the rise of
  socialism

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Hitler

• Goal to recoup Germanys losses from WWI and
  create an empire that would extend across Europe.
  
• Suspended reparation payments
• Withdrew from League of Nations
• Brought military forces to the Rhineland in 1936
• 1938 Anschlussunion with Austria

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Hitler

• Western region of Czechoslovakia was turned over
  to Germany (Sudetenland).
• Neville Chamberlain claims that his appeasement
  had won peace in our time.
• Hitler takes over the rest of Czech
• September 1, 1939Attack on Poland

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Fascist Success

• Fascism quickly spreads to
• Hungary, Romania, and Austria
• Italy and Mussolini are emboldened
• 1935 Italy attacks Ethiopia
• Spain
• Spanish civil war
• Parliamentary Republic vs. Authoritarian military
  state
• Authoritarians were under command of General
  Francisco Franco
• German and Italian forces use Spain as a dress
  rehearsal for bombing civiliansBritain/France/US
  vague support.
• Francos forces won, and remain for 25 years

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Guernica
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Latin America

• Cash crops from late 19th century boom
• Coffee from Colombia, Brazil, and Costa Rica
• Minerals from Bolivia, Chile, and Peru
• Bananas from Ecuador and Central America
• Sugar from Cuba.
• Import Substitution Industrialization WWI causes
  many Latin American countries to produce for
  themselves
• Continued to suffer from lack of capital

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Latin America

• Liberal policies had failed to address growing
  class struggles, and poverty.
• Growing conservative movement after WWI.
• President of Mexico Lazaro Cardenas
  (1934-1940)-Redistributed 40 million acres of
  land, and ran a state sponsored Oil monopoly

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Brazil

• Getulio Vargas-President of Brazil after 1929
• Brazilian economy had collapsed
• Centralized Federal govnt programs
• Authoritarian regime within the context of
  nationalism and economic reforms. Elimination of
  parties and groups who would oppose the new
  government
• Vargas runs a corporatist government
• Even though, he joins the allies in WWII, but
  gets arms
• Opposition builds by 1945

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Argentina

• Juan D. Peron and Eva Duarte (Evita) emerged as
  the power in the Argentinean government
• Forged alliance between workers, industrialists,
  and the military.
• Supported the AXIS powers, and had many fascist
  sympathies.
• Nationalized railroads, telephone companies
• Populism (hard to manage all the interests!)
• Peron turns more radical (attacking Catholic
  Church)driven from power in 1955, then comes
  back in 1973!!!