Unix Introduction

1
Unix Introduction

• A little history
• Manual man pages

2
1969, New Jersey

• 1969 ATT Lab
• ATT out of Multics project
• OS hackers floating in a void Ken Thomson,
  Dennis Ritchie, J.F. Ossanna and M. D. McIlroy
• Kens cool file system
• Unix on PDP-7
• Use it in the patent writing department
• Use C to rewrite portable OS to PDP-11
• Ken mailed magnetic tapes with the Unix source
  code and utilities to his friends
• mid 1970s, professor in Australias teach UNIX
  using the source codes

3
New Jersey

• ATT Bell Lab
• Unix versions
• V1 1971
• V4 1973
• V6 1975 1.xBSD was derived from this version
• V7 1979 last true Unix
• Unix license

4
Berkeley

• Late 1970s UC Berkeley
• A licensee of the Unix source code
• 1976-1977 Ken Thompson took sabbatical to teach
  in UCB
• Use UNIX extensively for research projects
• Berkeley Systems Distribution (BSD)
• TCP/IP and the socket model for network
  programming
• BSD source code is available publicly

5
Berkeley

• Bell Labs notices that their source code was
  practically being given away
• Two lawsuits
• Bell lab sued Computer System Research Group
  (CSRG) for BSD
• UC Berkeley sued various companies for not giving
  credit to UCB.
• The development of last BSD distribution 4.4 BSD
• Unencumbered and the only legal release of BSD
• Many modern operating system are based on 4.4BSD
• FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and BSDI

6
GNU project

• MIT - Richard Stallman
• Find a way to preserve the freedom
• Portable
• Licensed in such as way that it would always be
  the property of free development community
• GNU project ( GNUs Not Unix) begins in 1983
• GPL (GNU General Public License)
• EMACS, GDB, GCC, utilities
• Linux Torvald filled the last gap the kernel.

7
Unix History

• 1969 The beginning in ATT Bell Labs
• 1975 Version 6
• 1977 Berkeley BSD, derived from V6
• 1984 BSD 4.2
• 1985 BSD 4.3
• 1993 BSD 4.4
• 1979 Version 7
• 1982 Unix Support Group ( Unix System
  Laboratories) System III
• 1983 System V

8
Unix History

• UNIX standard operating system?
• http//www.levenez.com/unix/
• http//www.unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.
  html
• Book "Life with Unix" by Don Libes and Sandy
  Ressler
• Unix varieties mixture feature of
• BSD version
• System V
• Vendor specific extension

9
Unix Versions

• Some Unix versions
• SCO UNIX
• Implementation of System V.3.2.5, Runs on PC
• Sun OS
• Best known BSD-based operating System, NFS
• Solaris
• Suns System V.4 implementation
• HP-UX
• System V variant features of OSF/1
• Digital Unix/Tru64 Unix
• OSF/1 implementation
• AIX
• IBMs system V-based operating system

10
1991, Finland

• Linus Torvalds, a student
• Minix a teaching tool
• Insufficiencies if Minix
• In ablility of get a free modem line
• Wrote the kernel in C with his colleague
• and posted on the net under GPL

11
Linux

• Free UNIX-like operating system for all sort of
  platforms
• BSD-like
• Written from scratch
• Kernel was written by Linus Torvalds

12
Linux Distributions

• Red Hat Enterprise
• CentOS
• Fedora
• Debian
• Ubuntu
• Gentoo

• Oracle Enterprise Linux
• SUSE Linux Enterprise
• OpenSUSE
• Slackware
• See www.linux.org/dist for more

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What we use in this lab

• Fedora 13
• Oracle Solaris 10 10/09

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Manuals

• Unix has two types
• Man pages
• Individual commands
• Routines/functions
• Files
• Supplemental documents
• Printed
• online from Internet
• DVD/CDROM
• RFCs (Request for Comments) for protocols,
  standards used on the Internet

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Manuals

• Organization of the man pages

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Manuals

• Man pages are kept
• Under /usr/man/man or /usr/share/man/man
• Format (troff, SGML)
• Compressed (compress or gzip)
• read manual pages man
• man title
• Example man ls
• man section title
• Example man 4 tty
• Solaris Example man s 4 tty

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Manuals

• More about reading manual pages man
• MANPATH
• /etc/man.config
• Add new man pages besides the system ones.
• Example MANPATH/home/share/localman/usr/share/m
  an
• export MANPATH
• Keyword search in synopsis
• Keyword database whatis
• man k keyword
• Example man k mount

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Online Resource

• Fedora 13
• http//docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/index.html
• Solaris 10
• http//docs.sun.com/app/docs/prod/solaris.10?len
  aview

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Join forums

• SAGE
• http//www.sage.org/
• Solaris OS forum
• http//forums.sun.com/category.jspa?categoryID65
• Fedora forum
• http//fedoraforum.org/forum/

20
Administrative GUI tools

• Administration tools
• Good
• Quick start to system administration
• Easy combine several steps
• Downside
• Take more steps than typing the command directly
  sometimes
• Not all commands available through menu
• Slow down the learning process
• Do not help much in tracking down and fixing the
  problem
• May not always be available when system breaks,
  remote working
• In this class, manual configuration is strongly
  encouraged.