Augustus 31BC-14AD

1
Augustus 31BC-14AD

• He controlled 20 of 26 legions
• 27BC receives the title of Augustus, Princeps,
  imperator
• From this point on he is considered emperor
• Begins the Pax Romana 31BC-180AD

2
The Reforms of Augustus

• Kept the Republican constitution (relationship
  with the Senate? Dignitas?)
• Thought of himself as first citizen of the
  Republic
• Revived Roman morality
• Fides, Pietas, Gravitas
• Police and Fire departments
• Public Works
• Strong control and reorganization of the army
• Praetorian Guard created

3
Tiberius 14-37 AD

• Married to Augustus's daughter Julia
• Came to power when Augustuss two grandsons Gaius
  and Lucius died early

4
Gaius (Caligula) or Bootsie37-41AD

• Grandson of Augustus
• Only surviving son of Germanicus
• Tiberius killed or exiled his entire family
• Co-Emperor with Gemellus (until he killed him)

5
Caligulas weirdness

• Why?
• Living god?
• Married his sister
• Statues
• Horse as a Consul?
• Killed by his own guard

6
Claudius 41-54AD

• Brother of Germanicus
• Never supposed to rule (problems)
• Raised to the throne by the Praetorians
• Accomplishments
• Conquered and occupied Great Britain
• 2 children and one stepson (Nero)
• Poisoned by his wife Agrippina

7
Nero (54-68AD)

• Emperor at 16
• Murder (who)
• The arts
• Final words!
• Fire/Christians
• The End of Nero

8
The Flavian Dynasty(The Military Emperors)

• 4 Emperors in one year (68-69AD) before the
  Flavians take over
• Vespasian (69-81AD)
• Designed the coliseum
• Titus
• Completed construction of the (Flavian
  Amphitheater)

9
The Good Emperors

• The Adoptive system more widely used
• Trajan (98-117AD)
• Spanish born, expands empire to its greatest
  extent
• Hadrian (117-138AD)
• Defensive wall in G.B. 73 miles long
• Marcus Aurelius (161-180AD)
• Last of the good emperors

10
Achievements of the Pax Romana

• Roman Rule and discipline made advances possible
• Law and order
• Prosperity (All roads lead to Rome)
• Unity Civus Romanus Sum (70 mil)
• Innovations in engineering (Circus Maximus and
  the coliseum)

11
The Coming of Christianity

• The Roman religion
• Polytheistic
• Ancestor worship (home) and state religion
• No moral code, pragmatic
• Demanded no special lifestyle from followers
• Just need to respect the gods (sacrifice)
• Anthropomorphism
• Rituals, taboos, superstitions and traditions

12
Early Christianity

• A new sect of Judaism
• Concentrated in East and N. Africa at 1st
• Emphasis on life after death
• 29 AD Jesus turned over to Pontius Pilate

13
Problems with Rome

• Obey laws but no Caesar worship
• No games, army
• Incest?
• Cannibalism?
• Persecutions (Why?)
• The effect of martyrs

14
The Impact of Christianity

• Saul of Tarsus (Became Paul in 35 AD)
• Helped separate Judaism and Christianity
• Christian Literature
• St. Augustine The City of God
• Provides answers to imp. questions