Cuban and Haitian Revolutions

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Cuban and Haitian Revolutions

• Matt Hobert

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Cuban-Background

• Started July 26, 1953
• Castros forces took over Havana and Santiago de
  Cuba on January 2, 1959
• They received no military opposition entering the
  cities
• Cuban revolutionaries overthrew Fulgencio
  Batistas government.
• He fled into exile in the Dominican Republic
  after revolutionary forces captured the city of
  Santa Clara

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Major Players of Cuban Revolution

• Castro brothers
• Fidel and Raul- led revolution
• Fulgencio Batista
• Dictator revolutionary forces overthrew
• Alberto Bayo
• Trained Cuban revolutionaries in Mexico

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Major Players of Cuban Revolution

• Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán
• One of the original leaders of the revolution
• Che Guevara
• Marxist revolutionary who assisted in the Cuban
  Revolution.
• United States Government
• Supplied Castro and revolutionary army with
  ammunition and supplies. (Although the US
  supported an attempt to overthrow Castro in
  1961.)

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Causes of the Cuban Revolution

• Political and Social Revolution
• Brought on Mainly by Cubas Economic instability
• Cuba was overly dependent on Sugar
• While the country thrived on the crop it was also
  a source of problems including underemployment
• Also brought on by the cruel ruling style of
  Batista. He exiled, executed, and terrorized to
  maintain power

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Major Events of Cuban Revolution

• Castro brothers along with 100 hundred other
  revolutionaries attacked Moncada barracks
• All were massacred except for Castro brothers
• Castro made the speech at his trial in his own
  defense and said "Condemn me, it does not matter.
  History will absolve me".
• He and his brother only served two years in jail.
  After being released they were exiled to Mexico
  were they continued to recruit revolutionaries.

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Major Events of Cuban Revolution

• Castro and his Revolutionary forces returned to
  Cuba on a boat called the Granma in another
  attempt to overthrow Batista.
• Castros revolutionaries thwarted repeated
  offensives by Batistas large but ineffective
  military.
• Launched his own offensive in 1958 when Castro
  captured the city of Santa Clara.
• Batista fled 12 hours after Santa Clara fell, and
  Castros forces proclaimed victory

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Short Term Results

• Cuban Government was headed for six months by
  Manuel Urrutia Lleó.
• Manuel resigned sighting differences with Castro.
  He emigrated to the US shortly thereafter.
• Castro executed, exiled, and imprisoned former
  and suspected supporters of the Batista
  Government.
• In 1961 the Bay of Pigs Invasion attempted to
  overthrow Castro.

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Long Term effects

• Cuba is still under Castros dictatorship. The
  country remains communist.
• The United States still holds an embargo enacted
  after Castro nationalized all foreign owned land.
• Cuba has remained largely the same since the
  revolution
• Castro has successfully thwarted all attempts of
  uprising

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Pictures

• Castro and the flag of his revolution

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Haitian Revolution Background

• Lasted from 1791-1804
• Was the only successful slave uprising in the
  Western Hemisphere
• Haiti was a colony of France- called Santo
  Domingue
• Revolution united all Africans and those with
  African ancestry against the french.

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Major Players of Haitian Revolution

• Dutty Boukman
• Preformed the Voodoo service which is largely
  attributed for the start of the revolution. He
  predicted Jean François, Biassou, and Jeannot
  would lead a revolution to free the slave of
  Haiti.
• Toussaint L'Ouverture
• By 1801 Toussaint conquered the French and
  eradicated slavery and proclaimed himself
  governor for life over the island.

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Major Players of Haitian Revolution

• Jean-Jacques Dessalines
• Lead the former slaves against Napoleon
  Bonaparte's attempt to recapture Santo Domingue.
  Proclaimed the country independent on January 1,
  1804 making it the first black republic.
• French
• Salves of the Island
• French Revolution

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Causes of Haitian Revolution

• Haitian revolution was the culmination of three
  different looming revolutions.
• The planters were moving toward independence from
  France,
• Free people of color wanted equality and
  citizenship
• Slaves wanted freedom
• All of the these ideas were fermented the French
  Revolution and its demand for equality

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Major Events of Haitian Revolution

• Dutty Boukmans sermon to incite the rebellion
• Slave rebellions of the north which spread
• Toussaint L'Ouvertures taking control of slave
  armies
• Toussaints capture and death in French Prison
• Napoleons attempt to reinstate slavery
• Jean-Jacques Dessalines success in thwarting
  Napoleons attempt to regain power for France.
• Haitis proclamation as a free republic.

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Short Term Effects

• Land was ravaged by war
• Farmland and infrastructure destroyed
• Most people were unskilled
• The country became very poor

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Long Term Effects

• Country is the poorest in Western Hemisphere
• Government remains unstable

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Similarities and Differences

• Similarities
• Both were successful
• Both still remain to this Day
• Both countries have experienced turmoil since the
  revolution

• Differences
• Haiti overthrew a world power
• Cuban revolution was more organized and timely
• Haitian revolution was a united effort among all
  those of African ancestry
• Cuban revolution was the efforts of a small group

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Works Cited

• "Haitian Revolution." Wikipedia, The Free
  Encyclopedia. 10 Apr 2007, 1651 UTC. Wikimedia
  Foundation, Inc. 10 Apr 2007 lthttp//en.wikipedia.
  org/w/index.php?titleHaitian_Revolutionoldid121
  711287gt.
• "Cuban Revolution." Wikipedia, The Free
  Encyclopedia. 10 Apr 2007, 0306 UTC. Wikimedia
  Foundation, Inc. 10 Apr 2007 lthttp//en.wikipedia.
  org/w/index.php?titleCuban_Revolutionoldid12159
  2607gt.