By: Andrew Castillo, Gabrielle Going, Avery MacArthur, Taylor Ruppel, and William Warren

1
The Federal Government and the Civil Rights

• By Andrew Castillo, Gabrielle Going, Avery
  MacArthur, Taylor Ruppel, and William Warren

2
Supreme Court Cases during the Civil Rights
Movement
3
Brown v. Board of Education

• The NAACP turned to the supreme court at the
  beginning of the 1950s to start achieving their
  goals of equality. In 1950 the NAACP won some
  Supreme Court cases known as Sweatt v. Painter
  and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents.
• The NAACP next approached the segregation in
  public education. This Supreme Court case became
  known as Brown v. Board of Education.
• The NAACP argued that the segregated school
  systems went against the U.S. Constitution.
• Chief Justice Earl Warren and nine other court
  justices agreed with Brown that segregation of
  children in school causes the segregated children
  to be deprived of the same education
  opportunities of the non-segregated children.

4
Reaction to Brown v. Board of Education

• The decision to the court case Brown v. Board of
  Education was very controversial.
• The South reacted violently to the decision.
• Brown v. Board of Education II called for the
  whole nation to follow the decisions in Brown v.
  Board of Education I
• The Ku Klux Klan staged a revival to the
  decision.
• Many wealthy white southerners formed the White
  Citizens Councils in protest of integration.

5
Other Civil Rights Supreme Court Cases

• Hernandez v. Texas- against discrimination of all
  racial groups not just African Americans
• Boynton v. Virginia 1960- against segregation in
  buses and waiting rooms
• Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Simms- against the
  practice of diluting African American votes in
  elections
• Bailey v. Patterson 1962- against segregation in
  transportation facilities
• Loving v. Virginia 1967- against state laws that
  say inter-racial marriages are unconstitutional
• Jones v. Mayer Co.1968- against racial
  discrimination in the sale or rental of property
• Griggs v. Duke Power Co. 1971- education
  requirements and intelligence tests that were
  used to exclude African Americans from jobs were
  prohibited.

6
The 24th Amendment
7

• The 24th Amendment was ratified in 1964
• It banned poll tax, which were used to keep poor
  African Americans from voting.
• In addition, the Voting Rights of Act of 1965
  banned literacy tests.
• It also allowed the government to oversee voting
  registration and elections in states that had
  discriminated against minorities

8
Other Important Dates and Events

• !975- Congress extends coverage of the Voting
  Rights Act to Hispanic voters in the Southwest
• Baker vs. Carr and Renyolds vs. Simms limited
  gerrymandering, or the practice of drawing
  election districts in such a way as to dilute the
  African American vote.

9
Acts During the Civil Rights Movement
10
Acts cont.
11
Acts cont.
12
John F. Kennedys New Frontier Domestic Affairs

• Poverty
• Michael Harringtons The Other America opened the
  eyes of many Americans.
• Kennedy pushed for an increase in minimum wage,
  Social security benefits, and welfare
• Kennedy established the Presidents commission on
  the Status of Women for equal work rights for
  women with the equal pay act
• Economy
• Kennedy introduced tax credits to encourage
  businesses to invest in factory equipment
• Increased military spending
• Deficit Spending the government borrowing more
  than the money brought in by taxes, so they can
  spend it

13
John F. Kennedys New Frontier Domestic Affairs
continued

• Dramatic tax cuts for middle-class and increase
  for the wealthy
• Civil Rights
• Kennedy remained passive towards civil rights
  because of his party and their views
• But Kennedy finally imposed a civil rights bill
  that prosecuted those who violated the voting
  laws and gave federal funding for school
  desegregation
• Space Race
• Kennedy participated in the space race with the
  Soviet union and pledged to land a man on the
  moon by 1970.

14
Lyndon B. Johnson

• JFKs VP
• Involved in politics since 1931
• President after JFK assassination (1963-1968)
• Born in Stonewall, TX.
• Elected to Senate in 1948
• Helped tremendously in passing Civil Rights Act
  of 1957

15
LBJ Civil Rights

• Before 1950s he did not support federal
  intervention with civil rights.
• He was still a strong believer in Civil Rights,
  nonetheless.
• These opinions changed as he rose in federal
  ranking.
• After JFKs assassination, he devoted to what JFK
  fought for.
• Passed 3 major civil rights laws
• Civil Rights Act (1964)
• Voting Rights Act (1965)
• Civil Rights Act (1968)
• Helped most middle-class blacks but not most poor
  blacks.
• Many poor urban minorities and rural blacks ended
  up worse off after his term.

16
Works Cited

• Barbour, Scott. Lyndon B. Johnson. San Diego
  Greenhaven Press, Inc, 2001.
• Lapsansky- Werner, Emma J., Peter B. Levy, Randy
  Roberts, and Alan Taylor. United States History.
  Boston Prentice Hall, 2008.
• Rosen, Jeffrey. The Supreme Court, The
  Personalities and Rivalries that Defined America.
  New York Henry Holt and Company, LLC, 2006.