451418607 Land Administration

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451-418/607 Land Administration
Spatially Enabling GovernmentUsing Place and
Location effectively

• March 30th 2006

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Today

• Where are we now?
• What are the possibilities for the future if we
  cooperate?

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A note about change

• First lesson in change management
• to change the way people think, you must
  communicate with them.
• First problem communication
• 60 of what follows cannot be understood by the
  intended audience.

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So where are we now?
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Some background research

• Grant
• Department of Education, Science and Training
• Objective
• Identify a National Vision for LAS in Australia,
  and show European partners Australian
  achievements in Web based solutions.
• Methodology
• Publish research and hold an international
  meeting
• Notice
• Australias capacity to apply technological
  solutions to problems of size, low value land,
  difficult environmental problems, use of the
  Internet, use of cooperation to overcome federal
  divisions

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Background research (cont.)

• Publications cover land markets, registration
  systems in marine environment, sustainability
  accounting in LAS and spatially enabling
  government.
• Plus tenure systems, relativity of title,
  evaluation of delivery of security of tenure.
• Rights restrictions and responsibilities (Rohan
  Bennett)
• Cadastral modelling (Mohsen Kalantari)
• AND Sustainability and Land Administration
  Systems, eds Williamson, Enemark and Wallace,
  2006

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Background research (cont.)

• A NATIONAL VISION FOR AUSTRALIAN LAND
  ADMINISTRATION
• Sustainability accounting in land administration
• Comprehensive integrated land management built on
  digital information about land and the way we use
  it and cooperative public/private sector
  arrangements
• Components
• Integrated land management paradigm
• Comprehensive land policies
• Flexible tenure systems
• Authentic registers for valuable commodities
• Information policies Spatially enabled
  government using modern ICT
• iLand
• Framework for land use regulation and management
  RRRs (current)
• Integrated with water and resource management (in
  contemplation)
• Monitoring and evaluation systems (in
  contemplation)

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Meanwhile, in the real world.

• Changes are rapid and significant.
• Random perusal of Position, Feb-Mar 2006
• Cost of web mapping in Brisbane Free please
• Customising Google Earth fantastic viewing
  tools FREE
• Is Spatial special? Of course it is
• Vietnams titles land use rights not ownership
  it works
• GeoSamba what the private sector does in its
  spare time
• 3D property information??? getting there slowly
• National Geospatial Reference System NCRIS from
  GA
• Shifting seaward-facing boundaries in NSW and
  fantastic aerial photos showing changes over time
• PLUS MANY MORE

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Rapid changes raise a few questions..

• What does all this activity mean?
• How do you summarise it? Put it into context?
• How can government respond?
• Given the increased rate of change, how can
  organisations absorb new technologies?
• How do we answer these questions?
• To devise a way forward in Land Administration
  Systems, we must analyse separately -
• Technical challenges (information management)
• Policy challenges (land management)
• Then combine them to evaluate solutions.

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Technology a change driver

• Sometimes it is easier to see history through a
  specific window.
• E.g. technology window.
• It casts a net into the future and suggests that
  spatial enablement will happen.
• Allows you to understand the implications of
  object oriented architecture, cadastral
  modelling, location enablement, new languages
  LandXML, MarineXML, Google Earth .

SDI
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Technology a change driver
For example, the LandXML schema www.landxml.org
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Land Admin a change driver

• Along side technology, we build policy
  perspectives.
• We design a way of looking at land
  administration that crosses national boundaries
• To facilitate comparisons
• To identify future directions
• To encourage governments to take up future
  opportunities

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Land Admin a change driver
Phase 1 Building Instrumentalities
Phase 2 Building markets
Phase 3 Supporting Development
Phase 4 Contingency planning with spatial
integration
Land registration and survey Private rights
focus Valuation Planning
Cadastre focus Sharing capacity Computerisation La
nd titling adaptation
Sustainability Poverty reduction Multi-discipline
SDIs Broad land policies Interoperability Regulati
on
Gender equity Complex commodities Land management
tools Restrictions and responsibilities
Economic Paradigm
Social Justice
Governance Information Society
Environment
Themes
WWII 1975 1990 2003 2010
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Land Admin Policy - Big Pictures




Butsaying is not always doing

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What is government doing now with land
information?

• AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT WEB SITE
• http//australia.gov.au web site links 700
  government web sites and search functions over 5
  million online resources across the Australian,
  and other governments.
• digitising EXISTING systems and making results
  Web accessible - eLand model

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Land information databases built circa 2005 for
Australian Government
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Resource sectors are driving technological
innovation, not waiting for the perfection of the
new products
Water Resources Observation Network
SEE Grid of CSIRO, a web community aimed at
creating an innovative new data exchange network
Environmental Resources Information Network, ERIN
Making the top kilometre of Australia transparent
https//www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/Infosr
vices/MCAProjectTop
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eLand examples States and Territories

• eConveyancing putting land registry functions on
  web, allowing off-site data entry, connecting
  conveyancing to banks financial systems etc.
  National Electronic Conveyancing Office (NECO)
  http//www.landexchange.vic.gov.au/ec/index.html
• SPEAR allowing digital lodgement of plans
• And all the web sites around the nation providing
  land information

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Land information today
LOCAL POLICY ISSUES

• Housing bubble doubled household wealth between
  1998 and 2004.
• Predictions for market correction are common in
  2005.

ABN AMRO's research found that almost two-thirds
of Australian household wealth is now in housing,
with a market value of 3.2 trillion - almost six
times households' annual income. Over the past
45 years, the value of housing has, on average,
been just three-and-a-half times household
income, and for much of that period interest
rates were as low as now or lower. While 64 per
cent of Australian households' wealth was in real
estate, just 6 per cent was in ownership of
shares, the bank said. Another 18 per cent was
in superannuation, 8 per cent in cash or bank
deposits, and 3 per cent in cars and other
durables.
Graphic Nathaneal Scott, Tim Colbatch, The Age,
4 July 05.
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Land information today

• Diagnosing the problem or running a campaign?
• Costs have risen astronomically in last 5 years.
  But there is more coming -
• Cost of environmentally friendly housing
  designed by bureaucrats?
• Cost of compliance with new restrictions on
  building on land zoned rural?
• When are we going to recycle urban water? Who
  pays?
• If insurance companies require electricity
  installations comply with modern standards, who
  pays?

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Land information today
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So were are we going tomorrow?
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The Land Management Paradigm
Enemark, Williamson Wallace, 2005
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Multi purpose cadastre
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SDI and eGov Less duplication, more efficiency
and more effectiveness
Enemark, Global land management perspective
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The Land Management Paradigm EGM, November 2005,
Melbourne
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A Vision for tomorrow
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iLand the bigger picture
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iLand the basic tools
Basic spatial tools in iLand
GIS
Cadastre
Large scale topo maps

• Large scale
• Parcel and property
• Point and lines
• Invisible
• Data verified on-ground
• People friendly

• Small scale
• Natural environment
• Topographic
• Visible features
• Images

• Integrated model
• Multi users
• High cost

SDI
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iLand and SDI

• iLand
• Reorganisation of administration of government,
  businesses and communities to use information
  about place for policy making and service
  delivery
• Place becomes the core for organising more
  relative information about people, times,
  activities and more
• Spatial identification and location enablement to
  give place information for human activities and
  government decisions and policies
• Land information as a commodity for government,
  business and communities

• SDI
• Enablement of government to share and use land
  information
• Spatial information shared in governments and
  beyond
• Presupposes capacity for data transfer via
  network
• Allows place information to be delivered to key
  users emergency management, security, land
  management.
• Spatially enables the business of government by
  linking spatial identifiers to business
  transactions
• An essential component (among others) for iLand

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iLand and SDI
Sustainable Development eGovernment
iLand
User Decisions Transactions
General Public Users
Private Sector Users
Government Users
Applications Functions
Crime
Emergency
Natural Resource
Health
Planning
Environment
Infrastructure
SDI
Centralised or Distributed Operating System
(Coordinated by SII) e.g. SLIP
Data Networks
Social Datasets
Environmental Datasets
Economic Datasets
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Use of spatial information today
Land administration activities
Building control
Utility management
Land market support
Todays Activities
Registration
Restrictions
Land Tax
.the rest
Development
Valuation
Basic spatial information
Parcels Properties Buildings Values Zones/uses
Addresses
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Tomorrow Spatially enabled WoG
Spatial administration activities
Building control
Utility management
Land market support
Registration
Restrictions
Land Tax
.the rest
Expanded activities
Development
Valuation
Basic spatial information
Parcels Properties Buildings Values Zones/uses
. . .
Addresses - People / time / place / activity /
interest
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iLand in action
Modern governments create new kinds of
information about land

Relative land information Socio/legal
constructs, aspatial, abstract, dispersed,
volatile, invisible, but visualisable
Traditional land information Stable, objective,
scientifically provable, observable
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iLand at state level
3. Social Dimension
Health Management
Crime Management
Education Management
Arts Culture Management
2. Enviro Dimension
Natural Resource Management
Infrastructure Management
Urban Regional Planning
Sustainable Development
1. Economic Dimension
Valuation
Registration
Economical Development
Enabler
Spatial Information / Cadastre
Time
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iLand getting there
Essential tools in iLand

• The basic tools of LAS plus SDI are presupposed.
  
• What we need
• Reliable on-ground identification of place on
  ground (surveying, GPS)
• Multi user digitisation of on-ground information
  and systematic verification of relationship
  between on-ground truth and digital version
  place information
• Capacity to connect relative information to
  on-ground identification
• Means of translating digital information into
  people friendly terms cadastre address,
  parcels, properties, roads ..
• Cheapest path forward
• Collaborative extension of use of place
  information
• Performance framework
• Managing by regions, not by administrative silos
• Multi disciplined approaches
• Everyone buys in and changes the way they do
  business

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Exam questions for you

• Question 1
• Why is spatial information important for
  government? Provide examples.
• Question 2
• What spatial initiative most impresses you? Why?
  Explain how government could use it and the
  advantages it offers.

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Questions for us?????