Prsentation PowerPoint

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Cost effectiveness of reduction techniques Help
for decision making in air pollution reduction
Nadine ALLEMAND CITEPA 10 Rue du Faubourg
Poissonnière 75010 Paris Nadine.allemand_at_citepa.or
g Phone [phone] www.citepa.org
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Cost effectiveness of reduction techniques Help
for decision making in air pollution reduction
Content of the presentation

• Definition
• Advantage for the policy makers and decision
  making
• Experience in Europe
• Possible use in the future in the clean air
  initiative
• for Rio De Janeiro

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Reduction technique costs are composed of

• Capital investment
• Cost of the reduction material itself
• Cost of installation of the material on the
  site
• Operating costs
• Fixed operating costs as a percentage of
  investments per year to take into account taxes,
  insurance
• Variable operating costs
• Energy, water, reactives
• Wages,
• Waste elimination costs,
• .

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• Interest in decision making
• Help for prioritizing emission reductions
  choose the reduction techniques with the best
• cost/efficiency ratio
• Determination of total costs of emission
  reduction programs
• Help for the definition of objectives to be
  achieved in term of reduction
• Basis for discussions with the different
  partners during consultations

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Experience in Europe
Costs are an essential part in the process of
implementation of new regulations and in
political discussions - Examples
UNECE (Economic Commission for Europe of
United-Nations)
EU European Union
Convention of 1979 on Long Range Transboundary
Air Pollution
CAFÉ program (Clean Air For Europe) Emission
ceiling directive (NEC)
Goteborg Protocol of 1999 and its present
revision process
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49 Parties to the convention LRTAP - UNECE
15 Member States of the European Union - EU
Kara Sea
Barents Sea
USA and Canada also Parties to the LRTAP
convention
Iceland
Finland
North Sea
Sweden
Norway
Russian Federation
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Denmark
United
Kingdom
Ireland
Belarus
Poland
Netherlands
Germany
Belgium
Czech Rep.
Ukraine
Kazakhstan
Luxembourg
Slovakia
ungary
Moldova
Austria
France
LI
Aral
Switzerland
Slovenia
Romania
Atlantic Ocean
Sea
Croatia
Bosnia and
Uzbekistan
Yugoslavia
Herzegovina
Monaco
Black Sea
Caspian
Kyrgyzstan
Bulgaria
Georgia
Sea
F.Y.R.of
Italy
Azerbaijan
Albania
Macedonia
Turkmenistan
Tajikistan
Armenia
Spain
Turkey
Greece
Portugal
Malta
Cyprus
Mediterranean Sea
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Multi-pollutants / Multi-effects approach for
both the Göteborg Protocole of UNECE and the
Directive NEC/CAFÉ program of EC
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(No Transcript)
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Number of days with ozone gt 60 ppb / 120 µg/m³ in
1990 and 2010 with the effect of national
emission ceilings
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RAINS Integrated Assessment Model Input and Output
Atmospheric transport and conversion
Impact on ecosystems critical loads/levels
Emission inventories CORINAIR / EMEP
RAINS Integrated assessment modelling
Recommendations for national reduction obligation
s
Cost functions economy/technologies
Techno-economic Data EGTEI
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What is the Rains model ?

• RAINS Integrated assessment model
• Elaborated by IIASA in Laxemburg Austria
• Results already used for the Göteborg protocole
  of 1999 and the EC National Emission Ceiling
  directive of 2001
• Again used in the scope of the revision of the
  Göteborg protocole and in the EC program Clean
  Air for Europe (CAFE)

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PRINCIPLES and RESULTS of the RAINS MODEL

• Model principles
• Definition of objectives on air quality to
  reduce acidification, eutrophisation and
  tropospheric ozone
• Identify the optimum combination cost efficiency
  for the implementation of reduction measures
• Results
• Definition of the optimum strategy in which
• A country whose emissions migrate towards
  sensible zones has to achieve higher reductions
• A country where reduction costs are lower than in
  an other country has to achieve higher reductions
  

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Definition of costs examples for printing
offset and heliogravure
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Cost curve for 2010 for VOC emission reduction in
France
VOC emission ceiling implemented for 2010 by the
EC directive
VOC emissions in 1990 in France
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Intergovernmental bodies, expert groups and
scientific centres under the Convention LRTAP of
UNECE
Creation of an expert group for the definition
of costs
EGTEI
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• Expert group led by France
• - MEDD (Ministry of ecology and sustainable
  development)
• ADEME (Agency of Environment and energy
  managment)

• Secretariat EGTEI done by
• CITEPA (Interprofessionnal Technical Centre for
  atmospheric Pollution)
• IFARE / DFIU (French-German Institut for
  environment research, Karlsruhe)

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EGTEI Database ECODAT (Screen shot) (Exemple
secteur  usge de solvant , version 30/06/03)  
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Definition of costs interest in decision making

• Many advantages to consider costs
• Help for prioritizing emission reductions
• Estimation of total costs of emission reduction
  programs
• Help for the definition of objectives to be
  achieved in term of reduction
• Basis for discussions with the different partners
  during consultations
• Could be developed and used in the future in the
  scope of the Clean Air for Rio De Janeiro