Rwanda

1
Rwanda

• Timeline to Genocide

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Rwanda Genocide

• The Rwandan genocide was the systematic massacre
  of an estimated 1,000,000 Tutsi tribe members
  and moderate Hutus in Rwanda
  
• The killing was mostly carried out by two
  extremist Hutu militia groups, Interahamwe and
  the Impuzamugambi
  
• The massacre lasted approximately 100 days from
  April to mid-July, 1994
  

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Rwanda-History

• 3 tribes of people that inhabit Rwanda
• Twa, the original inhabitants
• Hutus, migrated in 1000 A.D.
• Tutsi, migrated in the 14th or 15th century

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Rwanda-History (Continued)

• By the late 18th century, a single Tutsi-ruled
  state occupied most of the present day Rwanda
  
• The rule was headed by a Tutsi King
• The Tutsis, in turn, dominated the Hutus
• 75 Hutu
• 20 Tutsi
• 5 Twa

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Rwanda 1890

• In 1890, Rwanda accepted German rule without
  resistance and became part of the German East
  Africa
  
• Germany issued almost no rule over the affairs of
  the country and initiated no economic
  development
  
• Tutsis still ruled the country

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Rwanda 1916-1919

• During WW1 (1916), Belgian forces occupied
  Rwanda
  
• Christian missionary work of converting the
  locals to Roman Catholicism was undertaken

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Rwanda 1933

• Before the Belgian rule, Hutus and Tutsis lived
  together as neighbors
  
• When the Belgians took power in Rwanda, they gave
  political power to the Tutsis
  
• Eugenics movement began-Scientists came and
  looked for differences between the Hutus and
  Tutsis
  
• Tutsis were considered to have Caucasian ancestry
  (through lighter skin, larger skulls) and
  therefore were superior to Hutus

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Rwanda 1933 (continued)

• One of the major contributing factors to the
  split of ethnic groups was the creation of group
  classification on ID cards in 1933
  
• Another important factor was the repeated
  decision by the Rwandan Government (after
  independence in 1962) to retain the group
  classifications on ID cards

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Rwanda 1933-1956

• The Belgians gave the majority of political
  control to the Tutsis
  
• Tutsis began to believe the myth of their
  superior racial status and exploited their power
  over the Hutu majority
  
• Created a resentment of the Tutsis by the Hutu
  people

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Rwanda 1959

• The Hutus felt that the new king had not been
  chosen democratically and fighting broke out
  between the Hutus and the Tutsis (who were aided
  by the Twa)
• The Hutus emerged victorious, and some 100,000
  Tutsis, including the king at the time fled the
  country

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Rwanda 1960 -1962

• Hutu political parties won the election in 1960
• Ethnic Identification was kept on ID cards in
  Rwanda

13
Rwanda 1962-1972

• Grégoire Kayibanda was elected as the first
  president and stayed in power until 1972
  
• During this time, there were many battles between
  the Tutsis who had fled to neighboring countries
  and the Hutus in Rwanda

14
Rwanda 1973-1988

• In July of 1973, a moderate Hutu military group
  toppled the government
  
• Due to continued fighting, over 50,000 refugees
  fled from Rwanda to Burundi during this period

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Rwanda 1990-1993

• In 1990, Rwanda was invaded from Uganda by the
  Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), made up mainly of
  Tutsi refugees. The invasion was unsuccessful,
  but the president of Rwanda agreed to share the
  power of the country
• In 1993, a power-sharing agreement was signed
  between Hutus and Tutsis

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Rwanda 1994

• In April 1994, the president of Rwanda and the
  president of Burundi were killed in a suspicious
  plane crash
  
• Civil strife erupted on a massive scale
• Rwandan soldiers and Hutu gangs slaughtered an
  estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 people, mostly
  Tutsis and moderate Hutus

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Rwanda Today

• Rwanda is struggling to heal and rebuild
• It is showing signs of rapid development
• Many Hutu members have returned to Rwanda
• The government has promoted reconciliation and
  economic development
  

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BBC Media Presentation

• Click on the following link
• Warning-some images may be disturbing
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3594187.stm