The Strategic Action Programme for The Sustainable Management of Lake Tanganyika

1
The Strategic Action Programmefor The
Sustainable Management ofLake Tanganyika
By Nick HODGSON Facilitator, SAP
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Project Objectives

• Ultimate Objective
• control pollution and to prevent the loss of
  the exceptional diversity of Lake Tanganyikas
  International Waters.
  
• Immediate Objective 1
• establish a regional long-term management plan
  for pollution control, conservation and
  maintenance of biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika.

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The Strategic Action ProgrammeThe SAP

• The Concept
• What is a SAP
• The Consultation
• How the SAP was developed
• The Conclusions
• What are the priority actions addressed in the
  SAP
  

4
The Concept
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From a Management Plan toa Strategic Action
Programme

• Management of the lake is a continuing activity.
  Research, monitoring and evaluation are
  continuing activities supporting management.
  
• Management Plans need to be revised in response
  to changes in threats and opportunities, and
  information.
  
• The Strategic Action Programme defines an agreed
  framework within which management programmes are
  developed and revised, and the steps needed to
  achieve this framework.

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Strategic Action Programmes Evolve
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The GEF ApproachThe Corner Stones of the SAP
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis carried out by
participating countries, identifying priority
concerns threatening shared lake resources.
Strategic Action Programme prepared by
participating countries, committing them to the
prioritised programme of actions
Regional Convention, signed by participating
countries, formalising national obligations to
support the SAP
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The Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

• The centerpiece of the GEF strategy... is the
  concept of strategic joint fact finding as a
  means of arriving at a consensus on what actions
  are needed to address threats... collaborating
  states establish technical teams that work to
  establish a common baseline of facts and analysis
  of the problem in the form of a transboundary
  diagnostic analysis (TDA), which is then used to
  set (national) priorities for actions to address
  threats to international waters in the form of
  the SAP.

Study of GEFs Overall Performance GEF 1998
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Strategic Action Programme

• The SAP should establish clear priorities that
  are endorsed at the highest levels of government
  and widely disseminated. Priority transboundary
  concerns should be identified, as well as
  sectoral interventions (policy changes, program
  development, regulatory reform, capacity-building
  investments, and so on) needed to resolve the
  transboundary problems as well as regional and
  national institutional mechanisms for
  implementing elements of the SAP.

Operational Strategy of the GEF GEF 1996
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Strategic Action Programme

• ... a balanced programme of preventive and
  remedial actions, support both investment and
  capacity-building, and identify key activities in
  the following areas
• Priority preventive and remedial actions
• Cross-cutting issues and linkages to other focal
  areas
  
• Institutional strengthening and capacity-building
  needs
  
• Stakeholder involvement and public awareness
  activities
  
• Program monitoring and evaluation
• Institutional mechanisms for implementation.

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How the SAP Helps Management

• A regional programme establishing
• agreed principles and objectives for managing the
  shared resource of the Lake
  
• an initial prioritisation of management
  interventions and institutional development.
  
• A tool to
• direct national investments towards priorities
• leverage finance from donor agencies for
  National and Regional Programmes.

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The Consultation Process
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Initiating the Process of Consultation

• January 1996, Baseline Reviews summarised
  available information
  
• March 1996, Inception Workshop identified
  priority concerns and proposes research
  priorities
  
• January 1998, Steering Committee endorsed a
  process of consultation for the SAP and the
  Convention
  
• led at national level by National Working Groups
• led at regional level by the Technical Advisory
  Committee (TAC) SAP Planning Group.

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Seven Steps in Developing the SAP
National Consultation Workshops - March to
November 1998
Preliminary TDA Workshop - November 1998
SCM Endorses Preliminary TDA - May 1999
Draft SAP Workshop - January 2000
Final TDA Workshop - March 2000
Final SAP Workshop - May 2000
SCM adopt the Final SAP - July 2000
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Linking the SAP and the Convention

• SAP
• 1 National Consultation
• 2 Regional Problem Analysis and Prioritisation
• 3 Draft SAP incorporating concepts from Draft
  Convention
  
• 4 SAP Signed

• Convention
• 1 National Consultation
• 2 Draft Convention presented to Regional
  Meetings
  
• 3 Convention incorporates concepts from signed
  SAP
  
• 4 SC Endorses Convention
• 5 Diplomatic Negotiation

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Consultation

• Special studies implemented with 125 scientists
  from the four countries
  
• National TDA/SAP consultations involving 80
  institutions and 160 individuals
  
• Regional TAC/SAP planning team involving 18
  institutions and 30 individuals
  
• 16 National Meetings and 16 National Workshops
• 4 Regional Workshops and 3 SCM Discussions

A E Mayawalla Tanzania A Kabeleka Zambia A
Lugome Tanzania A Madete Tanzania A Mphande
Zambia A Muvwende Zambia Agapit Kabwa Burundi
AJ Mkama Tanzania Andrew Menz PCU Antoine
Kiyuku Burundi B Lukama Zambia B N Marwa
Tanzania Baluku Bajope DR Congo Benoit
Bihamiriza Burundi Benoit Nzigidahera Burundi
Bitijula DR Congo Boniface Nyakageni Burundi
Bungisabo DR Congo C Akashambatwa Zambia C
Kabumbu Zambia C Kangero Tanzania C Makundi
Tanzania C Mungongo Tanzania C Phiri Zambia
C Rumisha Tanzania C Swai Tanzania Catherine
Msigwa Tanzania Cécile Gakima Burundi Célestin
Burundi D B R Chitamwebwa Tanzania D Mhalu
Tanzania Damien Nindorera Burundi Denis
Barandemaje Burundi Didace Nimpagaritse Burundi
E Bwalya Zambia E Lenganasa Tanzania E Makwaia
Tanzania Eddie Allison Biodiversity SS Elongo
Buedi DR Congo Elysée Ntiranyibagira Burundi F
Mukome Tanzania F Nyirenda Zambia F Stolla
Tanzania Faustin Masanja Tanzania Francis Chale
Tanzania François Nkurunziza Burundi G
Chikwama Zambia G Chilukusha Zambia G Makinda
Tanzania G Mpango Tanzania G Mudenda Zambia G
Muwowo Zambia G Strunden Tanzania Gabriel
Hakizimana Burundi Gaspard Niragira Burundi
Gaspard Ntakimazi Burundi Gayo DR Congo George
Hanek FAO George M Chitalu Zambia Georgina Zulu
Zambia Gerard Cougny GEF Gérard Ntungumburanye
Burundi Golama DR Congo Gombo Eunda Matunga DR
Congo Graeme Patterson Sediment and Pollution
SS H M Mohamed Tanzania H Mollel Tanzania H N
Kachechele Tanzania Henry Sichingabula Zambia
Hidaya M M Faraji Tanzania Hudson Nkotagu
Tanzania I Aboud Tanzania Ignace Bandandaza
Burundi J Mwilwa Zambia J Phiri Zambia J
Shilungushela Tanzania J Uronu Tanzania James
Phiri Zambia JB M S Gilbert Tanzania Jean
Berchmans Manirakiza Burundi Jean Paul Ledant
NRI Jean-Marie Bukuru Burundi Jerome Dukuduku
Tanzania Jerome Karimumuryango Burundi John
Dorr Fishing Practices, SS K Mazingaliwa Zambia
K Mungule Zambia K Siame Zambia Kalambayi DR
Congo Karen Zwick SS Facilitators Kayega
Tanzania Kelly West PCU Kihurnwa Tanzania
Kinezero, Mathias Burundi Kinomvyi, Antoine
Burundi Kirit Vaitha Tanzania Kitungano DR
Congo Kumbu di Mbemba DR Congo L Mawele Zambia
L Nzali Tanzania L Rwebembera Tanzania Leonard
Mwape Zambia Lukonge Tanzania M M Shirima
Tanzania M Mbijima Tanzania M Musaba Zambia M
Nagahusedi DR Congo M Nsomi Zambia M Pearce
PCU M Phiri Zambia M T Looboki Tanzania Mady
Amule DR Congo Mandgi DR Congo Marcelin
Burundi ME Bashige DR Congo ME Mbombo DR Congo
Mino-Kahozi Kalibu DR Congo Misana Tanzania
Mohamed Bahari Tanzania Msemi Tanzania Mudherwa
Nshombo CRH-Uvira Mulimbwa CRH-Uvira Mulimbwa
Nsibula DR Congo Mwenyi Kaningingi DR Congo
Nakizimana, Gabriel Burundi Ndimbo Tanzania
Ndizeye, Pascal Burundi Nicholas Hodgson NRIe
Niels Henrik Ipsen GEF Nshombo Mudherwa DR
Congo O Kalumiana Zambia O Lungu Zambia
Olivier Drieu SS Facilitator P Banda Zambia P
Chipungu Zambia P Chisara Tanzania P Kimena
Zambia P Nnyiti Tanzania Palata Kabudi DR
Congo Pierre Bakevya Burundi R Chiti Zambia R
Sinyinza Zambia Rawson Yonazi Tanzania Richard
Paley SS Facilitators Robert Lindley SS
Facilitators Roger Kanyaru Burundi S Capper
Tanzania S Chisamga Zambia S Kisinto Tanzania
S Mayeye Tanzania S Nkondokaya Tanzania S
Siachoono Zambia Salvator Ruzima Burundi
Shadreck Nsongela Zambia Stanislas Nzabimana
Burundi Swedi DR Congo T Killenga Tanzania T
Mwaijande Tanzania Takoy Lomema DR Congo
Tharcisse Songore Burundi Tindyembwa Tanzania
V Lyimo Tanzania V Macha Tanzania W Daniel
Tanzania W Malambo Zambia W N Sarunday
Tanzania W Y Haule Tanzania Z Kittina Tanzania
Z Mshanga Tanzania
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National Consultation ReportsCompleted October
1998
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Preliminary TDA Endorsed May 1999
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Preliminary SAP Completed February 2000
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Final Draft TDACompleted May 2000
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Final Draft SAPPresented May 2000
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The ConclusionsA Programme of Priority Actions
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The TDA Reviewed National and Regional Concerns

• National Workshops identified national concerns
  and proposed national actions to counteract
  threats or maximise opportunities
  
• Regional Workshops - the TAC SAP Planning Team of
  planners and scientists - reviewed national
  concerns and regional concerns within a regional
  perspective
• Based on best available scientific and management
  knowledge - with specific support from the
  special studies

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The TDA provided a General Framework for Action
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The TDA Defined a Three Level Analytical Framework
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The TDA Listed and Prioritised Specific Groups of
Actions

• Prioritised on a combination of three criteria
• The severity of the problem threatening
  biodiversity
  
• The feasibility of a management solution
• The benefits to sustainable development
• Gave a high, medium or low priority rating

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The TDA Proposed Priority National Actions within
a Regional Priority Framework

• For the high priority regional specific actions
  identified relevant national concerns
  
• Prepared a detailed matrix which
• Identified stakeholders, uncertainties and
  detailed breakdown of proposed actions
  
• Reviewed possible timing of actions, key agency
  responsibility and availability of resources

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The SAP Defines an Interim Lake Tanganyika
Management Body

• With immediate responsibilities
• To promote the signing of convention and the
  establishment of functioning management bodies
  required in the convention
  
• To develop detailed budgeted proposals and source
  funding for priority regional actions within the
  SAP
  
• To coordinate and support national development of
  priority budgeted proposals and facilitate
  funding
  
• To maintain an information resource

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The SAP Defines an Agreed Programme of Priority
Actions Based on the TDA

• Identifying cross-cutting themes from within the
  proposed actions
  
• Information management socio-economic
  development institutional reform and capacity
  building environmental education baseline
  monitoring
• Defining national priority actions within the
  regional framework
  
• Development of a sustainable fisheries pollution
  control sediment management habitat conservation

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With Actions Addressing the Development of a
Sustainable Fisheries

• Excessive fishing effort in the littoral zone
• Excessive fishing pressure lack of quota on
  licenses co-management of fisheries
  
• Excessive fishing effort in the pelagic zone
• Linking to the LTR proposals Regional Framework
  Planning for lake Tanganyika Fisheries
  Management including artisanal and industrial
  fishing
• Excessive or uncontrolled extraction of
  ornamental fish
  
• Excessive extraction of targeted species

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With Actions Addressing Pollution Control

• Urban and Industrial pollution
• domestic effluents untreated sewage waste from
  institutions solid waste treatment factories
  power stations tanneries
  
• Harbour Pollution
• spillage of oil and other cargoes waste from
  boats storage
  
• Future mining and oil exploration
• toxic wastes EIA procedures
• Marine accidents
• risk assessment and contingency planning

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With Actions Addressing Sediment Management

• Promotion of sustainable agriculture
• focused on critical lakeshore and medium scale
  catchments erosion control extensive
  agriculture stream bank cultivation
  
• Deforestation
• gazetted protection forests fuelwood and
  charcoal replanting and rehabilitation of
  critical areas community forest management

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With Actions Addressing Habitat Conservation

• Support of parks management
• existing parks areas cover much of the widespread
  species diversity pressure on parks resources
  from adjacent communities definition of aquatic
  boundaries
• Protection of key habitats
• degradation of sensitive coastal areas
  protection of spawning and nursery grounds
  wetlands areas

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The Next Steps

• Identification of support mechanisms for an
  interim period to
  
• Promote the finalisation and subsequent signing
  of the Convention
  
• Finalise regional and national detailed, budgeted
  project proposals for the priority actions
  identified in the SAP
  
• Negotiate country commitment and incremental
  support to implement priority regional and
  national actions