Restoration

1
Restoration Eighteenth-CenturyLiterature
History

• Dr. William J. Burling

2
Kings and queens(1660-1789)

• Charles II
• James II
• William III and Mary II
• Anne
• George I
• George II
• George III

3
The Restoration andearly 18th Century 1660-1713
4
Restoration of the Monarchy

• 23 April 1660, Westminster Abbey

5
Charles II (1660-1685)

• Theatre patents
• Court circle
• No heirs
• Numerous mistresses
• Succession crisis
• Founder of the Royal Society
• Patron of the arts

6
Catharine of Braganza

• Portuguese princess
• Catholic
• 23 at time of marriage
• Produced no heirs

7
Duke of Monmouth

• Charismatic
• Popular
• Executed in 1685

8
James II (1685-1688)

• Zealous Catholic
• Forced to flee
• Jacobite descendants the Pretender, the Young
  Pretender (Bonnie Prince Charlie1745)

9
William III Mary II (1689-1702)

• First and only joint monarchs
• Mary daughter of James II died in 1694
• William Dutch descendant of Charles I through
  daughter, Louisa (Charles and Jamess sister)
• William reigns alone until 1702
• Wars with the French

10
Kensington Palace
11
Queen Anne (1702-1714)

• Little interest in the theatre or poetry
• A builder of churches
• 17 pregnancies, 5 children, but none lived to
  adulthood

12
Authors of the Restoration and Early 18th Century

• Andrew Marvell
• John Milton
• John Dryden
• Aphra Behn
• Ann Finch

13
Andrew Marvell (1621-1678)

• Secretary to Milton during the Cromwellian era
• Published few poems during his life
• Miscellaneous Poems (1681)
• Important philosophical poet

14
John Milton (1608-1674)

• Among the three most important poets of the
  English literary tradition
• Followed the Virgilian model
• LAllegro and Il Penseroso
• Paradise Lost (1667)
• Paradise Regained (1672)

15
John Dryden (1632-1700)

• Poet Laureate (1660-1688)
• Playwright, poet, critic
• Stuart supporter

16
Thomas Shadwell

• Poet Laureate (1689-1692)
• Target of Drydens Mac Flecknoe
• Leading playwright

17
Aphra Behn (?-1689)

• First professional woman author in England
• Playwright The Rover (1677)
• Poet
• Novelist Oroonoko (1689)

18
Ann Finch (1661-1720)

• Major poet of the era
• Explored personal view of nature relationships
  inner life of the mind

19
The Georgian Era1714-1789
20
George I (1714-1727)

• Non-English speaking
• No interest in English culture
• Rarely even resided in England
• Absence created a power vacuum

21
Sir Robert Walpole

• 1st Lord of the Treasury (Prime Minister)
• 1718-1742
• Strong leader
• Patronage network
• Target of satire

22
George II (1727-1760)
23
George III (1760-1820)

• First English king of Hanover
• Patron of the arts
• Personal library became the core of the British
  Library

24
Authors of the Georgian Period
25
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)

• Greatest satirist of the 18th century
• Tale of a Tub (1704) annoyed Queen Anne sent to
  Dublin in 1714 when Tories lost power
• Gullivers Travels (1726)
• Modest Proposal (1729)

26
Alexander Pope (1688-1744)

• Greatest poet of the early 18th century
• Child prodigy
• Complex career

27
Alexander Pope (1688-1744)Early years

• Introduced to Dryden in 1700 (age 12)
• Pastorals (1709)
• Windsor Forest (1704, 1713)
• Essay on Criticism (1711)
• Rape of the Lock (1712)
• Translation of Iliad (1715, 1720) made his
  fortune and reputation

28
Alexander Pope (1688-1744)Later years

• Shift in worldview ca. 1727
• Dunciad (1727)
• Essay on Man (1734)
• Horatian satires and epistles (1730s)
• Moral essays (1730s)
• The New Dunciad (1742, 1743)

29
Colley Cibber, Popes Target in The Dunciad
30
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689-1762)

• Major female poet
• Traveled extensively in the Middle East
• Once a friend of Popes later falling out.
• Cousin of Henry Fielding

31
John Gay (1685-1732)

• Member of the Scriblerian Club
• Excellent poet
• The Beggars Opera (1728)

32
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)

• Poet Vanity of Human Wishes (1749)
• Essayist Rambler, Idler
• Playwright Irene
• Editor Dictionary, Works of Shakespeare
• Biographer Lives of the Poets

33
The New Poetry

• Emphasis on private experience, emotions, moods,
  reveries
• Importance of nature
• Interest in lower social classes, general
  benevolent view of humanity

34
The New Poets

• James Thomson The Seasons
• Thomas Gray Elegy Written in a Country
  Churchyard
• William Collins Odes

35
The New Poets
Thomson
Collins
Gray
36
End of the Century Authors

• Oliver Goldsmith (ca. 1730-1774) The Deserted
  Village She Stoops to Conquer The Vicar of
  Wakefield
• George Crabbe (1754-1832) The Village

37
End of the Century Authors
George Crabbe
Oliver Goldsmith
38
Dawn of a new era Romanticism