HISTORY OF COMMUNITY COLLEGES

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HISTORY OF COMMUNITY COLLEGES

• OR

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MYTH BUSTING 101

• By
• Dr. Bill Piland
• Emeritus Professor
• San Diego State University

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HIGHER ED-EARLY, EARLY DAYS

• Quick and Dirty

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Earliest Colleges

• !st College Harvard 1636
• 2nd College William Mary 1693
• 3rd College Yale 1701
• 1st Cal College CoP 1851
• What do all of these have in common?

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Earliest Colleges

• All were Private!
• Of the 1st colleges founded in all 50 states, 32
  were Privates.
• AND
• Most early JCs were Private.

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Where did we get the idea for these 1st colleges?
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Where did this idea come from anyway?

• ENGLAND!

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MOVING ON Post Civil War

• Big problems with English model.
• Small and elite, produce a few intellectual
  leaders.
• Focused on Ideas and Theories.

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Post Civil War

• USA Needed to
• Develop and Transmit knowledge to large s of
  people.
• Emphasize Application to Solve Real Problems
• Switch to a new model- UNIVERSITIES

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Where did this UNIVERSITY model come from?
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Germany!

• Followed German University Model
• Focus on Research and Scholarship
• Majors and Schools
• Specialization

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And Now - A Totally New Idea
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A NOBEL IDEA

• The JUNIOR COLLEGE!
• Where did this noble idea come from?

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USA!

• Yup, JUNIOR COLLEGES ARE UNIQUELY AMERICAN!

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The American Idea

• Who had this nobel idea?

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May be difficult to Believe

• UNIVERSITY PRESIDENTS!!!!!!

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For Heavens Sake ! WHY?
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University Presidents

• Didnt want those unruly, uncouth, and unwashed
  Freshmen and Sophomores on their campuses!

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The University Presidents

• 1869 - Henry Tappan, U of Michigan
• 1872 - William Farwell, U of Minn
• 1892 - William Rainey Harper, U of Chicago
• What do these presidents have in common?

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When did this noble idea occur?

• Difficult to say exactly, but probably in the
  middle to late 1800s

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The Early Years of JCs

• 1852 - Losell JC, Auburndale, MA
• 1858 - Missionary Institute of the Evangelical
  Lutheran Church, Selingsgrove, PA
• 1859 - U of Georgia
• 1882 - Greely High School, CO.
• 1901- Joliet JC, Joliet, IL

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William Rainey Harper

• 1st Pres U of C
• 1892 Wild Educational Plan
• Gave the name Junior College
• Father of the JC
• WRH College
• 1900 A train ride that changed everything!

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J Stanley Brown

• Superintendent of Schools, Joliet, IL
• Founded the 1st Public JC
• 1901
• Curriculum - Latin, German or French, Literature,
  Physics, Astronomy, Analytic Geometry, Poli Sci,
  Economy, Government, Psych, Spanish, Geology
• 1st Head of the AACC

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6 Basic Reasons for the JC

• 1. Under home influence
• 2. Attention to individual student
• 3. Offer 2 years of transferable work
• 4. General education
• 5. Better teaching
• 6. Inexpensive education

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Growth of the JC

• 1903 8 JCs 200 Students
• 1921 210 JCs 2-3,000 Students
• 1936 553 JCs 137,000 Students
• (Most were Private JCs)
• 1956 652 JCs 870,000 Students
• 1986 1,231 CCs 4.8 Million Students
• 2006 1,186 CCs 11.6 Million Students

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1901-1930 Period

• Sporadic Growth
• 1910 1st Vocational Course-Fresno
• California Becomes Important
• 1920 AAJC Formed in St. Louis
• (207 JCs, 137 Private, 70 Public)
• (Public JCs in 8 States)
• 1925 1st Book about JCs-Leonard Koos, The JC
  Movement, U of Chicago

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1930s Period

• Stagnation and Retrenchment
• 1930 Asheville Case - North Carolina
• 1932 Chicago Board of Education

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1940s-50s Period

• WW II More Stagnation
• GI Bill of Rights
• Local Community Interest
• University Reaction
• Growth of Vocational Courses
• Then slow but steady growth

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1960s Period

• Tremendous Growth
• State Master Plans
• Switch to COMMUNITY Colleges
• Broaden Mission
• The Peoples College

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NEW CC MISSION

• Career Education
• Transfer Education
• Developmental Education
• Adult and Continuing Education
• Community Education
• Economic Development

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Now, the California Story

• University Presidents AGAIN!
• 1. David Starr Jordan - Stanford U.
• 2. Alexis F. Lange U. of California

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Important Dates/Events in California

• 1907 - Legislation to Create JCs (1st in Nation)
• 1910 - Fresno JC (1909 Santa Barbara?)
• 1917 - Junior College Act - State Financial
  Support (1st in Nation)
• 1921 - Law to Create JC Districts (1st in Nation)
• 1928 - 31 Public JCs - 25,000 Students
• 1929 - Direct State Funding - 30 per ADA

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More Important Dates/Events in California

• 1937 - 42 Public JCs - 52,000 Students
• 1942 - 163,000 Students
• 1947 - Legislatures Strayer Report
• 1955 - 210,000 Students
• 1960 - Donahue Act (Master Plan)
• 1960 - 340,000 Students (56 Districts)
• 1967 - 610,000 Students
• 1967 - Stiern Act - Created BoG CCCCO

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And Still More Important Dates/Events in
California

• 1978 - Prop 13 - People's Initiative to Limit
  Property Taxation
• 1988 - AB 1725 - CC Reform Act
• 1996 - Prop 98 - Guaranteed Minimum Education
  Funding

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AB 1725

• Created the California Community Colleges
  system
• Governance Systems
• Mission and Functions
• Employment Conditions

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AB 1725 Mission and Functions

• Primary Mission
• Transfer and Vocational/Occupational
• Essential and Important Functions
• Remedial, ESL and Adult Non-Credit
• Authorized Function
• Community Services

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California CCs Today

• Full Partners in H.E.
• Largest H.E. System in World
• 72 Districts, 109 Colleges
• 2.5 Million Students

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Todays CC Agenda

• 1. Access for the Left-Outs
• 2. The Success Agenda
• 3. The Learning College
• 4. Worker Re-Training
• 5. Emphasis on College
• 6. Measuring Student Outcomes
• 7. Determining and Meeting Changing Community
  Needs

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Marching into the Future

• Look at how far we have come.
• Look at how our mission has expanded.
• Will we keep building on our past?
• Will we go off in a new direction?
• Will we face up to the realities of our students
  needs?
• Will we embrace the changing demographics?
• Will we continue to be the Peoples College?