Origin and Domestication of Swine

1
Origin and Domestication of Swine

• Not herded easily regional development
• many different types as a result
• China - 4900 BC, Great Britain 800 BC
• Most intelligent feral in a few generations
  e.g. Arkansas Razorbacks
• some nondomesticated types. US wild pigs?
• Javelinas/peccaries
• warthog, riverpig, forest hog - Africa

2
Origin and Domestication of Swine

• Todays swine originated from
• European Wild Boar still exist in Europe
• Black and gray or brown
• East Indian Pig (several types)
• These two crossed to form modern swine breeds

3
Swine in the USA

• Columbus, 8 head to the USA
• Hunted down with dogs 13 year later killing
  cattle
• DeSoto
• 13 head, 3 yr later, 700 pigs
• escapees were origin of razorbacks
• Many US breeds of swine developed in the USA
• native females crossed with European, Chinese and
  Russian boars

4
Swine Breeds

• Maternal breeds typically white excel in
  litter size, fertility, milk production.
• Paternal (sire) breeds typically colored excel
  in leanness, muscling, growth rate.
• Corporate swine breeding companies
• ie. Monsanto Swine Genetics, Pig Improvement
  Company (PIC), etc.
• sell synthetic lines of breeding stock
• hybrids of 2 or more breeds to form lines
• sire/terminal or maternal lines
• Intense selection marker assisted selection

5
Yorkshire

• maternal breed 1st in USA
• England (Large White)
• white, erect ears
• excels in
• litter size
• milk production
• fertility

6
Chester White

• maternal breed 7th in USA
• Pennsylvania
• white, small drooping ears
• excels in
• litter size
• milk production
• fertility

7
Landrace

• maternal breed 4th in USA
• Denmark
• white, large drooping ears excels in
• litter size
• milk production
• fertility

8
Duroc

• paternal breed 2nd in USA
• New York/New Jersey
• solid red color
• excels in
• leanness
• growth
• muscling

9
Hampshire

• paternal sire 3rd in USA
• Boone County, KY
• black, white belt
• excels in
• leanness
• growth
• muscling

10
Spots (Spotted)

• paternal sire 5th in USA
• Putnam County, IN
• black and white spots
• drooping ears
• excels in
• leanness
• growth
• muscling

11
Poland China

• Dual purpose 8th in USA
• Warren County, OH
• black, white on legs, snout and tail
• drooping ears
• excels in
• growth
• litter size