Relationships in Ecosystems

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Relationships in Ecosystems

• Chapter 1 Lesson 2

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• GLE 0507.2.1 Investigate different nutritional
  relationships among organisms in an ecosystem.
• GLE 0507.2.2 Explain how organisms interact
  through symbiotic, commensal, and parasitic
  relationships.

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How do organisms depend on one another for energy?
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Imagine you are on a hike in TN. Name all of the
biotic (living) factors you see.
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Now,name all of the abiotic (nonliving) factors
you see.
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What is an ecosystem?

• Biotic factors are living things.
• List 4 biotic factors in this picture.
• Abiotic factors are nonliving things.
• List 4 abiotic factors found in this picture.

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What is an ecosystem?

• Together the biotic and abiotic factors make up
  the forest ecosystem.
• An ecosystem includes all of the living and the
  nonliving things in an environment.

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What is an ecosystem?

• The organisms in an ecosystem can be sorted into
  different populations.
• A population includes all members of a single
  species in an area at a given time.

For example In this picture, you see a
population of ___________. You also see a
population of _____________.
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Name the populations you can see in this
ecosystem.
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What is an ecosystem?

• Together the many different populations make up a
  community.
• A community includes all the living things (or
  populations) in an ecosystem.
• A community not only includes all of the plants
  and animals living there, but also bacteria,
  protists, and fungi.

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What is an ecosystem?

• An ecosystem can be local or widespread.
• It can be as large as an entire forest.
• Or one fallen log in the middle of a forest can
  make up an ecosystem.

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Listening Quiz

• Which of the following is NOT a biotic factor?
• Rock
• Deer
• Oak tree
• Fly

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Listening Quiz

• 2. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic
  factor?
• Rock
• Deer
• Water
• Oxygen

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Listening Quiz

• 3. Wildflowers are _____________ factors.
• Biotic
• Abiotic

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Listening Quiz

• 4. All of the living and nonliving things in an
  environment make up a(n) __________________.
• Biotic
• Abiotic
• Ecosystem
• Population

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Listening Quiz

• 5. All of the living and nonliving things in an
  environment make up a(n) __________________.
• Biotic
• Abiotic
• Ecosystem
• Population

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Listening Quiz

• 6. All of the members of one species living in
  an environment make up a(n) __________________.
• Community
• Abiotic
• Ecosystem
• Population

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Listening Quiz

• 7. All of the living things in an ecosystem make
  up a(n) __________________.
• Community
• Abiotic
• Ecosystem
• Population

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Listening Quiz

• 8. All of the blue spruce trees in a forest form
  a _______________.
• Community
• Population
• Ecosystem
• Abiotic factor

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Listening Quiz

• 9. A _____________ might include deer,
  squirrels, pine trees, ferns, and grass.
• Community
• Population
• Ecosystem
• Abiotic factor

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Listening Quiz

• 10. Mushrooms are a(n) __________ factor.
• Biotic
• Ecosystem
• Population
• Abiotic

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Project

• On your own paper, design a diorama for one of
  the following biomes deciduous forest,
  grassland, tundra, taiga, tropical rain forest.
• Include
• at least five populations
• 4 abiotic factors
• 5 biotic factors
• Refer to the rubric your teacher gives you to
  make sure you include all necessary items.

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How are food chains alike?

• The path that energy and nutrients follow in an
  ecosystem is called a food chain.
• A food chain is a model of the food relationships
  that exist between organisms.

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How are food chains alike?

• The arrows represent the flow of energy from one
  organism to another.
• The arrows point to the belly organism that is
  doing the eating.
• The caterpillar eats the flower.
• The frog eats the caterpillar.
• The snake eats the frog.
• The owl eats the snake.

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How are food chains alike?

• All energy in a food chain comes from the sun.
• Producers are at the beginning of all food
  chains.
• A producer is an organism that uses the suns
  energy to make its own food in the form of sugar
  or starch.

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PRODUCER
L A N T S
Click to View Photosynthesis Animation 7 minutes
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How are food chains alike?

• We can think of producers as plants. Algae is
  another example.
• Producers use energy from the sun, along with
  water and carbon dioxide to make sugar molecules.
• These sugar molecules are the original source of
  food for consumers.

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How are food chains alike?

• A consumer is any animal that eats (or consumes)
  plants or other animals.
• Animals that eat only producers (plants) are
  called herbivores.
• Examples squirrels, some birds, grazing animals
• Animals that eat other animals rather than
  producers are called carnivores.
• Examples bobcats, hawks

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How are food chains alike?

• Animals that eat both plants and animals are
  called omnivores.
• Examples of omnivores are raccoons, mice, and
  some crabs.
• Dead or decaying animals are broken down by
  decomposers.
• Examples bacteria, fungi, termites, and many
  worms

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How are food chains alike?

• Consumers that eat the left over bodies of
  animals that have started to rot are called
  scavengers.
• Examples vultures, eagles, raccoons

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Listening Guide

• Where does the energy in a food chain come from?
• Sun
• Grass
• Deer
• Wolf

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Listening Guide

• 2. Which of the following is a producer?
• Sun
• Grass
• Deer
• Wolf

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Listening Guide

• 3. Which of the following is a consumer?
• Sun
• Grass
• Deer

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Listening Guide

• 4. Which of the following is a consumer?
• Sun
• Wolf
• Grass

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Listening Guide

• 5. Which of the following is a herbivore?
• Sun
• Wolf
• Grass
• Deer

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Listening Guide

• 6. Which of the following is a carnivore?
• Sun
• Wolf
• Grass
• Deer

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Listening Guide

• 7. Which of the following is a decomposer?
• tiger
• bear
• mushroom
• tree

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Listening Guide

• 8. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic
  factor?
• soil
• air
• mushroom
• sun

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Listening Guide

• 9. Which of the following is NOT an biotic
  factor?
• worm
• rain
• grass
• deer

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Listening Guide

• 10. Which of the following is a scavenger?
• lion
• tiger
• vulture
• bear

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What are food webs made of?

• In most food chains, a single organism is not
  eaten by only one consumer.
• For Example The insects in the food web can be
  eaten by either the frogs or the birds.
• This makes the insects part of two food chains.

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What are food webs made of?

• A food web is a network of food chains that have
  some links in common.
• Food webs are just several food chains put
  together.

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What are food webs made of?

• The arrows represent the flow of energy from one
  organism to another.
• The arrows point to the belly of the organism
  doing the eating!
• Both the owl AND the snake eat the frog.
• The fox eats mice, squirrels, and rabbits.

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What are food webs made of?

• The hawk in the food web hunts for food.
• This makes the hawk a predator.
• Predators are animals that hunt other animals for
  food.
• Animals that are hunted for food are called prey.
• The snake and the fish are examples of prey.

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What are food webs made of?

• Predators are important in a food web.
• They limit the size of prey populations.
• When the number of prey animals are reduced,
  producers and other resources in an ecosystem are
  less likely to run out.

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Listening Guide

• A network of food chains that share some links is
  called a ___________.
• Predator
• Prey
• Producer
• Food web

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Listening Guide

• 2. Organisms that get eaten by other animals are
  called ____________
• Predator
• Prey
• Producer
• Food web

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Listening Guide

• 3. Organisms that hunt other animals to eat them
  are called ____________.
• Predator
• Prey
• Producer
• Food web

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Listening Guide

• 4. Animals that eat decaying or rotting animals
  are called ___________.
• Predator
• Decomposers
• Scavengers
• Food web

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Listening Guide

• 5. The arrows on a food web represent the flow
  of __________ from one organism to another.
• Herbivore
• Decomposers
• Scavengers
• energy

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Listening Guide

• 6. The arrow always points to the _______ of the
  organism doing the ________.
• Belly - producing
• Belly hiding
• Belly - decomposing
• Belly - eating

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Listening Guide

• 7. If prey populations get too large, _________
  might run out.
• Producers and consumers
• Producers and resources
• Water
• Energy

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Listening Guide

• 8. At the base of each food chain are _____ that
  use the Suns energy to make sugar and oxygen.
• Consumers
• Producers
• Predators
• Herbivores

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Listening Guide

• 9. The original source of food for ________, or
  any animal that eats plants or other animals, is
  sugar molecules.
• Herbivores
• Producers
• Predators
• Consumers

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Listening Guide

• 10. All the members of the same species living
  in an ecosystem are called a ____________ .
• Producer
• Population
• Predator
• Consumer

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What are symbiotic relationships?

• Living things interact with each other in many
  different ways.
• Sometimes one organism hunts another.
  (predatorsprey)

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What are symbiotic relationships?

• Relationships such as predators and prey are
  examples of interdependence.
• Interdependence is the reliance of certain
  organisms on other organisms for their survival.

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What are symbiotic relationships?

• A relationship between two organisms that lasts
  over a period of time is called symbiosis.

Joshua (Yucca) Tree and the Yucca Moth
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What are symbiotic relationships?

• A symbiotic relationship that benefits both
  organisms is called mutualism.
• Examples
• yucca tree and the yucca moth
• ants and the acacia tree

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What are symbiotic relationships?

• Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship that
  benefits one organism without harming the other.
• Examples
• ray and remoras
• orchids and rain forest trees
• Clownfish and anemones

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What are symbiotic relationships?

• A symbiotic relationship where one organism
  benefits while the other is harmed is called
  parasitism.
• Examples
• Tapeworms
• Ticks
• Lamprey

lamprey
tapeworm
tick