EAST ASIAII CHAPTER 9: 440464

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EAST ASIA-II(CHAPTER 9 440-464)
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CHINAS POPULATION

• 1.306 BILLION
• ANNUAL NATURAL INCREASE 0.7 (1970S - 3)
• DOUBLING TIME 100 YEARS
• LIFE EXPECTANCY 70 (MALES), 73 (FEMALES)
• TFR 1.8 BORN/WOMEN (1997)
• ARITHMETIC DENSITY 353 PEOPLE/SQ MI
• PHYSIOGRAPHICAL DENSITY 3,524 PEOPLE/SQ MI
• ONLY 10 OF THE LAND IS ARABLE AND 69 OF THE
  POPULATION LIVES ON THIS LAND
• DISTRIBUTION WESTERN 2/3s IS SPARSELY POPULATED
  (MINORITIES)

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POPULATION DENSITY
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EVIDENCE OF CHINAS 1 CHILD POLICY
POPULATION PROFILE WITH 5-YEAR COHORTS
SOURCE GOODES WORLD ATLAS, 20TH EDITION, TO
ACCOMPANY GEOGRAPHY REALMS, REGIONS AND CONCEPTS
MALES
FEMALES
OF TOTAL POPULATION
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URBAN CHINA

• 38 URBANIZED
• LARGEST CITIES ARE INSIGNIFICANT ON A GLOBAL
  SCALE (as a of total urban population)
• URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
• AIR POLLUTION
• CONGESTION
• WATER POLLUTION

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RECENT HISTORY

• 19th Century colonialism
• British merchants (backed by British navy)
  operating as The East India Company imported
  large amounts of opium, an addictive drug, into
  China
• China and Britain fought The Opium War China
  lost and Britain annexed Hong Kong Island in
  1842 Britain also leased Kowloon peninsular and
  the New Territories in 1898 for 99 years (lease
  ended in 1997 and China took back Hong Kong)
• Japan invaded the Northeast (formerly Manchuria)
  and exploited the rich mineral fields (iron,
  coal) and built railroads to move ores towards
  the coast and bound for Japan
• Germany took the Shandong peninsular
• Russia took most of Northern China
• The French took the South

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RECENT HISTORY
Dr. Sun

• Pre-1911 anti-colonialism and Western dominance,
  the Boxer Rebellion wanted to take over the
  country simultaneously, Dr. Sun Yat-sen founded
  Kuomintang (Nationalist Party), organized and led
  a revolution to overthrow the empire and turned
  China into a democratic Republic
• 1911 Dr. Sun succeeded end of the Qing Dynasty
  with the abdication of the last emperor, Pu Yi,
  who was only a child then
• Sun Yat-sen, Father of modern China, died in
  1925

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RECENTHISTORY
Chiang
Mao

• After the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, military and
  political leader Chiang Kai-shek assumed
  leadership of Kuomintang (KMT, Nationalist Party)
• 1920s Mao Zedong began to lead the Communist
  Party (influence of Russia)
• Early 1920s, KMT and Communist parties got along
  well as they need to fight off foreigners
• 1927 KMT began to purge the Communist Party

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RECENTHISTORY
Chiang
Mao

• Chiang Kai-sheks army was chasing Maos
• Mao Zedong and Chou En-lai began to flee
  westwards, the long march from Ruijin to Yanan
• Mao picked up supporters and organized militia
• Chiang was faced with the task of fighting the
  Japanese
• After WW II in 1945, civil war began
• 1949 Chiangs faction gathered Chinese
  treasures and fled to the island of Taiwan

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RECENTHISTORY
Chiang
Mao

• There in Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek proclaimed the
  island as the Republic of China (ROC) in 1949
• Mao Zedong marched into Beijing and proclaimed
  the birth of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC)
  at the Gate of Heavenly Peace in Tiananmen Square
• Thus began the Communist regime in 1949

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RECENT HISTORY
Mao

• Mao initiated the Great Leap Forward, a program
  aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and
  speeding up industrialization

• The Great Leap Forward turned out to be a large
  mistake, as it had the opposite effect and
  starved 20 to 30 million people to death. It
  ended in 1962
• In 1966, Mao launched the Great Proletarian
  (working class) Cultural Revolution, a program
  against the emerging elitism (the rich) in
  society mobilized young men as the Red Guards
  who committed widespread atrocities.

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ECONOMIC PROBLEMS under Maos regime

• PROBLEMS STEMMED FROM THE STATE CONTROLLED
  ECONOMY.
• SERIOUS ENERGY SHORTAGE
• TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE POORLY DEVELOPED
• POPULAR RESISTANCE AND CHANGES IN CENTRAL POLICY
  HAVE WEAKENED CHINAS POPULATION CONTROL PROGRAM.
• ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

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REORGANIZATION UNDER COMMUNISM (1950-1976)

• 1950s- 1976 COMMUNIST REGIME LAUNCHED MASSIVE
  PROGRAMS OF RECONSTRUCTION AND REFORM
• BASED ON THE SOVIET MODEL
• LAND WAS EXPROPRIATED.
• FARMING WAS COLLECTIVIZED.
• INDUSTRIES WERE REORGANIZED AS STATE-OWNED
  COMMUNAL ENTERPRISES.
• EMPHASIS ON HEAVY INDUSTRY
• DRAMATIC SOCIAL CHANGES- EDUCATION, RELIGION,
  POPULATION GROWTH