The ABI Advanced Baseline Imager

1
The ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager) on the GOES-R
series
Timothy J. Schmit NOAA/NESDIS/Satellite
Applications and Research Advanced Satellite
Products Branch (ASPB) Kaba Bah, Mathew M.
Gunshor, Jun Li, Scott Bachmeier, etc. CIMSS,
Madison, WI James J. Gurka, Steve Goodman, etc.
GOES-R Program Office
Office of Science and Technology
Seminars 08-April-2009
UW-Madison
2
Also Thanks to

• Achtor, Tom Ackerman, Steve Antonelli, Paolo
  Aune, Bob Baggett, Kevin Baum, Bryan
  Ellrod, Gary Feltz, Joleen Feltz, Wayne
  Frey, Rich Griffin, Michael K. Gumley, Liam
  Heymann, Roger Hillger, Don Huang, Allen
  Key, Jeff Knuteson, Bob Mecikalski, John
  Menzel, Paul Moeller, Chris Mosher, Fred
  Nelson, James Nasiri, Shaima Olander, Tim
  Plokhenko, Youri Prins, Elaine Rabin, Bob
  Revercomb, Hank Schmidt, Chris Schreiner,
  Tony Seemann-Wetzel, Suzanne Sieglaff,
  Justin Strabala, Kathy Sun, Fengying Tobin,
  Dave Velden, Chris Wade, Gary Whittaker,
  Tom and Woolf, Hal
• Mitch Goldberg, AWG co-chairs, AWG Leads, GPO,
  GUC committee team(s), Jordan Gerth, Chian-Yi
  Liu, Jason Otkin, Thomas Greenwald, Monica
  Coakley, Bill Smith, ASPB, PG, Sharon Bard, Todd
  Doehring, SSEC data center, etc.

3
Overview

• GOES-R Overview
• GOES-13/O
• ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager)
• Temporal, Spectral, Spatial
• Product List
• Proving Ground/ Weather Event Simulator
• ABI Soundings
• GOES Users Conference
• Madison, WI
• Summary
• Select references
• More information

4
Why GOES-R?

• Continuation of (DOC)/NOAA capability required to
  observe, protect and manage the earths resources
  to promote environmental stewardship.
• Enhance ability to predict and track storms plan
  routes for airlines and ship traffic, identify
  demands for natural resources such as gas and
  water, and assess space weather impacts on
  sensitive electronics such as satellites and
  terrestrial communications.
• Improve hurricane track intensity forecast
• Improve thunderstorm tornado warning lead time
• Improve aviation flight route planning
• Improve solar flare warnings for communications
  and navigation
• Improve power blackout forecasts due to solar
  flares
• Improve energetic particle forecasts

GOES-R Instruments
Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) and Geostationary
Lightning Mapper (GLM)
Extreme Ultra Violet Sensor/X-Ray Sensor
Irradiace Sensor (EXIS)
Solar Ultra Violet Imager (SUVI)
Space Environmental In-Situ Suite (SEISS)
5
GLM
From Buechler, Dennis E.
6
GLM Proxy DataDC Regional Storms November 16,
2006Resampled 5-min source density at 1 km and
10 km
LMA _at_ GLM 10 km resolution
LMA 1 km resolution
7
Launch Schedule

• GOES R series is a follow-on to the existing line
  of NOAAs geostationary weather satellites.
• GOES I series 8-12 Operational since 1994
• GOES N series 13 N launched May 24 2006, O
  planned launch late 2009, P planned launch 2010
• Based on an availability analysis of the current
  GOES I and N-series, a GOES-R launch is required
  in the 2015 timeframe to maintain mission data
  continuity

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Overview

• GOES-R Overview
• GOES-13/O
• ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager)
• Temporal, Spectral, Spatial
• Product List
• Proving Ground/ Weather Event Simulator
• ABI Soundings
• GOES Users Conference
• Madison, WI
• Summary
• Select references
• More information

9
GOES-13

• GOES-13/O/P will have similar instruments to
  GOES-8-12, but on a different spacecraft bus.
• Spring and fall eclipse outages will be avoided
  by larger onboard batteries.
• Improved navigation
• Improved radiometrics

GOES-8/12
GOES-13/O/P
10
GOES-13 shows improved navigation
11
GOES-12/13 (Around eclipse period)
GOES-13 GOES-12
Courtesy of S. Bachmeier, CIMSS
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GOES-12/13 (During eclipse)
GOES-13 GOES-12
Figure courtesy of S. Bachmeier, CIMSS
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GOES-O Science checkout

• Expected launch (no earlier than)
• 28 April 2009.
• GOES-O Science Test web page http//rammb.cira.co
  lostate.edu/projects/goes-o/
• Changes to GOES-O Imager
• Improved spatial resolution of 13.3 µm band (8 km
  to 4 km)
• Change in GVAR data format may be necessary!

Significance The GOES-O Science Test goals
include assess the GOES-O data, generate
products, investigate instrument changes, and
collect unique rapid-scan imagery.
(Courtesy of D. Hillger and T. Schmit)
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GOES-O/P improved spatial resolution of the
13.3 µm band
The GOES-O/P Imagers have improved resolution in
the 13.3 µm band. The nominal detector size
improves from 8 km to 4 km meaning that these are
the first GOES imagers with all the same spatial
resolution of the infrared bands. The improved
spatial resolution allows an improved -
cloud-top product, - height of the
satellite-derived atmospheric motion vectors,
- volcanic ash detection.
4 km
8 km
GOES-O/P
GOES-M/N
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Overview

• GOES-R Overview
• GOES-13/O
• ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager)
• Temporal, Spectral, Spatial
• Product List
• Proving Ground/ Weather Event Simulator
• ABI Soundings
• GOES Users Conference
• Madison, WI
• Summary
• Select references
• More information

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The Advanced Baseline Imager
ABI Current Spectral
Coverage 16 bands 5 bands Spatial
resolution 0.64 mm Visible 0.5 km
Approx. 1 km Other Visible/near-IR 1.0
km n/a Bands (gt2 mm) 2 km Approx. 4
km Spatial coverage Full disk 4 per
hour Scheduled (3 hrly) CONUS 12 per
hour 4 per hour Mesoscale Every 30
sec n/a Visible (reflective bands) On-orbit
calibration Yes No
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GOES-10
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15-min time resolution loop
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1-min time resolution loop
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ABI bands via NWP simulation (CIMSS AWG Proxy
Team)
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The additional bands on the Advanced Baseline
Imager (ABI) allow new or improved products
Cirrus Clouds
Clouds, etc
Aerosols
Vegetation
0.64 ?m
0.86 ?m
1.38 ?m
0.47 ?m
Snow, Cloud phase
Fog, Fires, clouds, etc
Water Vapor, Precip.
Particle size
1.61 ?m
2.26 ?m
3.9 ?m
6.19 ?m
WV, Upper-level SO2
Vol. Ash, Cloud phase
Total Ozone
Water Vapor
6.95 ?m
7.34 ?m
8.5 ?m
9.61 ?m
Low-level Moisture
Surface features, clouds
Clouds, Precip., SST
Cloud heights
10.35 ?m
11.2 ?m
12.3 ?m
13.3 ?m
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MODIS 0.5 km
MODIS 0.25 km
Lake Effect Snow Bands Visible
MODIS 1 km
19 January 2001, 1720 UTC
GOES-8 1 km
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Approximate number of ABI pixels
Current GOES is approximately 2705 x 5209 for
the FD IR
Figure courtesy of ITT Industries
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ABI scans about 5 times faster than the current
GOES imager
There are two anticipated scan modes for the
ABI - Full disk images every 15 minutes 5 min
CONUS images mesoscale. or - Full disk every
5 minutes.
25
ABI can offer Continental US images every 5
minutes for routine monitoring of a wide range of
events (storms, dust, clouds, fires, winds,
etc). This is every 15 or 30 minutes with the
current GOES in routine mode.
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Franklin
Mesoscale images every 30 seconds for rapidly
changing phenomena (thunderstorms, hurricanes,
fires, etc). Current GOES can not offer these
rapid scans while still scanning other important
regions
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Imager Coverage in 30 minutes
Full Disk
N. Hemisphere
CONUS
Mesoscale
29
Figure courtesy of J. Li, CIMSS
Concept of flex mode scanning animation
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Current GOES Imager scan coverage within 15
minutes
GOES-R ABI scan coverage within 15 minutes
CIMSS
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ABI Visible/Near-IR Bands
Schmit et al, 2005
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ABI IR Bands
Schmit et al, 2005
33
Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI
Snow, Phase
Part. size
Cirrus
Veg.
Haze
Clouds
The ABI visible and near-IR bands have many uses.
34
While there are differences, there are also many
similarities for the spectral bands on MET-8 and
the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). Both the
MET-8 and ABI have many more bands than the
current operational GOES imagers.
35
GOES-R Product List (Total 68) Product Set
Number 1-4
ABI Advanced Baseline Imager
Continuity of GOES Legacy Sounder Products from
ABI
SEISS Space Env. In-Situ Suite
EXIS EUV and X-Ray Irradiance Sensors
GLM Geostationary Lightning Mapper
Magnetometer
SUVI Solar extreme UltraViolet Imager
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GOES-R Products List
37
GOES-12 and GOES-R ABI Simulation of Grand Prix
Fire/Southern California
GOES-12
GOES-R ABI
GOES-12
GOES-R ABI
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Proving Ground Mission Statement

• The GOES-R Proving Ground engages NWS in
  pre-operational demonstrations of selected
  capabilities of next generation GOES
• Proving Ground objective is to bridge the gap
  between research and operations by
• Utilizing current systems (satellite,
  terrestrial, or model/synthetic) to emulate
  future GOES-R capabilities
• Infusing GOES-R products and techniques into NWS
  operations with emphasis on AWIPS and
  transitioning to AWIPS-II.
• Engaging in a dialogue to provide feedback to
  developers from users
• The Proving Ground accomplishes its mission
  through
• Sustained interaction between developers and end
  users for training, product evaluation, and
  solicitation of user feedback.
• Close coordination with GOES-R Algorithm Working
  Group (AWG) and Risk Reduction programs as
  sources of demonstration products, promoting a
  smooth transition to operations
• Intended outcomes are Day-1 readiness and maximum
  utilization for both developers and users of
  GOES-R products, and an effective transition to
  operations.

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Providing MODIS Satellite Products to National
Weather Service Operations

• Kathleen Strabala, Scott Bachmeier, Jordan Gerth,
  
• Liam Gumley, Jerrold Robaidek

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MODIS 1-km Imagery and Products in AWIPS

• Band 1 - (0.6µm) - Visible
• Band 7 - (2.1µm) - Snow/Ice
• Band 20 - (3.7µm) - Shortwave IR
• Band 26 - (1.3µm) - Cirrus
• Band 27 - (6.7µm) - Water Vapor
• Band 31 - (11.0µm) - IR Window
• 11µm - 3.7µm - Fog/Stratus Product
• Land Surface Temperature
• Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

AWIPS SSEC menu
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MODIS Products in AWIPS

• Visible Snow/Ice

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MODIS Products in AWIPS

• 33 NWS forecast offices have added
• CIMSS MODIS imagery to their local AWIPS
• Other groups, such as SPORT are also providing
  products.

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WES (Weather Event Simulator)

• The AWIPS-ready netCDF files created at CIMSS
  have been used to display successfully all 16
  simulated ABI bands on our local NWS Weather
  Event Simulator (WES). 1 or 2-km spatial
  resolution CONUS simulation for the convective
  outbreak on 4-5 June 2005.
• WES training software, using archived data, is a
  post-time emulator of AWIPS Display Two
  Dimensions (D-2D). The WES framework allows
  forecasters to learn about ABI spectral bands and
  products within a familiar operational-style
  environment and to become involved at an early
  stage in product applications.
• Over time, other features will be added to the
  WES case, for example, back-ground information,
  simulated radar images and potentially simulated
  lightning data.

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AWIPS and ABI data
46
Simulated Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) bands
shown in the legacy AWIPS. The small panels on
the left show each of the 16 spectral bands. The
large panel shows the simulated 0.6 um band.
47
Sample visible and near-IR bands of the ABI in
AWIPS
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2 km Simulated ABI data in AWIPS
49
2 km Simulated ABI data in AWIPS
animation
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1-min Simulated ABI mesoscale loop

• 6.95 micrometer band

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1-min Simulated ABI mesoscale loop

• 0.6 micrometer band

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0.64 ?m
0.86 ?m
1.38 ?m
0.47 ?m
AWG Proxy ABI Simulations of Hurricane Katrina
1.61 ?m
2.26 ?m
3.9 ?m
6.19 ?m
NOAA/NESDIS STAR and GOES-R Imagery Team
6.95 ?m
7.34 ?m
8.5 ?m
9.61 ?m
10.35 ?m
11.2 ?m
12.3 ?m
13.3 ?m
53
Corresponding current Imager bands of Hurricane
Katrina
NOAA/NESDIS STAR
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Forecasters Need an advanced sounder

• Forecasters value the current GOES sounder
  products however, the same forecasters also
  noted several limitations of the current sounder,
  including
• the scanning rate is relatively slow, which
  limits coverage and
• the vertical resolution, especially in moisture,
  from the current generation GOES radiometers is
  limited.

A hyperspectral sounder in a geostationary orbit
will meet these forecaster needs, but is not
planned for GOES-R or -S.
55
The relative vertical information is shown for
radiosondes, a high-spectral infrared sounder,
the current broad-band GOES Sounder and the ABI.
The high-spectral sounder is much improved over
the current sounder. This information content
analysis does not account for any spatial or
temporal differences.
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Example spectral coverage
Current GOES Sounder spectral coverage and that
possible from an advanced high-spectral sounder.
The broad-band nature of the current GOES limits
the vertical resolution.
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HES like
True
Simulated Radar
ABI/GOES Sounder like

• Radar shows information after storm development

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True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
Extreme instability indicated
ABI/GOES Sounder like
Simulated Radar
1300 UTC
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True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
ABI/GOES Sounder like
Simulated Radar
1400 UTC
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True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
ABI/GOES Sounder like
Simulated Radar
1500 UTC
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True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
ABI/GOES Sounder like
Simulated Radar
1600 UTC
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True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
ABI/GOES Sounder like
Simulated Radar
Start to see extreme instability 4 hours later
1700 UTC
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True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
ABI/GOES Sounder like
Simulated Radar
Extreme instability clearlyshown 5 hours later
1800 UTC
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True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
ABI/GOES Sounder like
Simulated Radar
1900 UTC
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True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
ABI/GOES Sounder like
Simulated Radar
2000 UTC
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True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
ABI/GOES Sounder like
Simulated Radar
Rain line shows inradar 8 hours later
2100 UTC
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True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
Simulated Radar
RUC Forecast
1500 UTC
68
True
GIFTS/HES/IRS
Simulated Radar
RUC Forecast
1700 UTC
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GOES-R ABI Weighting Functions
ABI has 1 CO2 band, so upper-level temperature
will be degraded compared to the current sounder
70
GOES-13 Sounder WFs
The GOES-N sounder has 5 CO2 bands, more
Shortwave bands than ABI
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Potential Benefits of an advanced geo sounder

• High spectral and temporal resolution
  observations will benefit nowcasting and NWP
  applications.
• Retrievals from high spectral resolution data
  exhibit much less dependence on the first guess
  information.
• Would be able to monitor important low-level
  information about the atmosphere and thus
  substantially improve the capability to forecast
  severe weather.
• The potential uses (atmospheric profiling,
  surface characterization, cloud information,
  total ozone, atmospheric motion vector winds) of
  high spectral resolution IR data have been amply
  documented.
• Other application areas include trace gases/air
  quality, dust detection and characterization,
  climate, and calibration.

72

• Sharon K. Bard Todd A. Doehring
• Centrec Consulting Group, LLC, Savoy, Illinois
  Centrec Consulting Group, LLC, Savoy, Illinois

Steve T. Sonka University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign
Presented at the Fifth GOES Users
Conference January 24, 2007 88th AMS Annual
Meeting, New Orleans, LA
73
An Investigation of the Economic and Social Value
of Selected NOAA Data and Products for GOES Report
- Tropical cyclone (TC) forecast information
along the Gulf and Atlantic coastlines - Updated
quantification of benefits previously estimated
for aviation, energy (electricity and natural
gas), irrigated agriculture, and recreational
boating.
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Summarized Potential NVP1 Benefits Beyond Current
GOES Series
ABI-related and high resolution spectral sounder
technology - 8.8 B
Other Potential Benefits ???
Improved Sounder
Updated CBA (HES)
2.3B
TC Forecast (HRSS)
ABI-Related
1.9B
4.2B
Updated CBA (ABI)
1 Discounted at 7
2.2B
TC Forecast (ABI)
2.4B
4.6B
The report can be found at http//www.centrec.com
/climate_weather.htm
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Tracks of ensemble mean analysis on Hurricane IKE
CTL run Assimilate radiosonde, satellite cloud
winds, aircraft data, and surface data.
Hui Liu (NCAR) and Jun Li (CIMSS)
Analysis from 06 UTC 6 to 00UTC 8 September 2008
77
Operational Products from the current GOES
Sounder and how the ABI measurements, along with
ancillary data, can produce legacy products.
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Overview

• GOES-R Overview
• GOES-13/O
• ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager)
• Temporal, Spectral, Spatial
• Product List
• Proving Ground/ Weather Event Simulator
• ABI Soundings
• GOES Users Conference
• Madison, WI
• Summary
• Select references
• More information

79
6th GOES Users Conference
http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes_r/meetings/guc2009
/
Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellites http//www.goes-r.gov
Special Event on 2 November 50th Anniversary of
the 1st Meteorological Satellite Experiment
80
Overview

• GOES-R Overview
• GOES-13/O
• ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager)
• Temporal, Spectral, Spatial
• Product List
• Proving Ground/ Weather Event Simulator
• ABI Soundings
• GOES Users Conference
• Madison, WI
• Summary
• Select references
• More information

81
Information Volume)
Current attributes defined to be 1
Information volume
82
Improved attributes with the Future GOES
Imagers
Information volume
83
Approximate spectral and spatial resolutions of
US GOES Imagers
Visible
Box size represents detector size
Near-IR
8
4
2
MSI mode
Infrared
84
Select Publications

• ABI on GOES-R can produce sounder-like products
• Schmit, Timothy J. Li, Jun Gurka, James J.
  Goldberg, Mitchell D. Schrab, Kevin J. Li,
  Jinlong and Feltz, Wayne F. The GOES-R Advanced
  Baseline Imager and the continuation of current
  sounder products. Journal of Applied Meteorology
  and Climatology, Volume 47, Issue 10, 2008,
  pp.2696-2711.
• Potential benefits of an advanced geo sounder
  (submitted)
• Schmit, T.J., J. Li, S.A. Ackerman, J.J. Gurka,
  2009 Geostationary High Spectral and Temporal
  Resolution Infrared Measurements. Submitted to
  AMS Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic
  Technology.
• ABI Overview
• Schmit, Timothy J. Gunshor, Mathew M. Menzel,
  W. Paul Gurka, James J. Li, Jun and Bachmeier,
  A. Scott Introducing the next-generation Advanced
  Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bulletin of the
  American Meteorological Society, Volume 86, Issue
  8, 2005, pp.1079-1096.

AMS BAMS Article on the ABI (Aug. 2005)
85
GOES-R Bibliography

• Schwerdtfeger Library at SSEC
• GOES-R Bibliography (WI)
• http//library.ssec.wisc.edu/resources/goesr/goesr
  .php.
• Select journal articles
• Jin, Xin Li, Jun Schmit, Timothy J. Li,
  Jinlong Goldberg, Mitchell D. and Gurka, James
  J. Retrieving clear-sky atmospheric parameters
  from SEVIRI and ABI infrared radiances. Journal
  of Geophysical Research, Volume 113, 2008,
  doi10.1029/2008JD010040, 2008. Call Number
  Reprint 5816.
• Li, Zhenglong Li, Jun Menzel, W. Paul Schmit,
  Timothy J. Nelson, James P. III Daniels, Jaime
  and Ackerman, Steven A. GOES sounding improvement
  and applications to severe storm nowcasting.
  Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 35, Issue 3,
  2008, doi10.1029/2007GL032797, 2008. Call
  Number Reprint 5677.
• Schmit, Timothy J. Li, Jun Gurka, James J.
  Goldberg, Mitchell D. Schrab, Kevin J. Li,
  Jinlong and Feltz, Wayne F. The GOES-R Advanced
  Baseline Imager and the continuation of current
  sounder products. Journal of Applied Meteorology
  and Climatology, Volume 47, Issue 10, 2008,
  pp.2696-2711. Call Number Reprint 5861.
  Brunner, Jason C. Ackerman, Steven A.
  Bachmeier, A. Scott and Rabin, Robert M. A
  quantitative analysis of the enhanced-V feature
  in relation to severe weather. Weather and
  Forecasting, Volume 22, Issue 4, 2007,
  pp.839-852. Call Number Reprint 5425.
• Zhang, Peng Li, Jun Olson, Erik Schmit,
  Timothy J. Li, Jinlong and Menzel, W. Paul
  Impact of point spread function on infrared
  radiances from geostationary satellites. IEEE
  Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,
  Volume 44, Issue 8, 2006, pp.2176-2183. Call
  Number Reprint 5216.
• Li, Jun Liu, Chian-Yi Huang, Hung-Lung Schmit,
  Timothy J. Wu, Xuebao Menzel, W. Paul and
  Gurka, James J. Optimal cloud-clearing for AIRS
  radiances using MODIS. IEEE Transactions on
  Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Volume 43, Issue
  6, 2005, pp.1266-1278. Call Number Reprint
  4448.
• Schmit, Timothy J. Gunshor, Mathew M. Menzel,
  W. Paul Gurka, James J. Li, Jun and Bachmeier,
  A. Scott Introducing the next-generation Advanced
  Baseline Imager on GOES-R. Bulletin of the
  American Meteorological Society, Volume 86, Issue
  8, 2005, pp.1079-1096. Call Number Reprint
  4474.
• Li, Jun Menzel, W. Paul Sun, Fengying Schmit,
  Timothy J. and Gurka, James AIRS subpixel cloud
  characterization using MODIS cloud products.
  Journal of Applied Meteorology, Volume 43, Issue
  8, 2004, pp.1083-1094. Call Number Reprint
  3759.

AMS BAMS Article on the ABI (Aug. 2005)
86
More information

• GOES-R
• http//www.goes-r.gov
• http//www.meted.ucar.edu/index.htm
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes_r/proving-ground.h
  tml
• GOES and NASA
• http//goespoes.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes/index.html
• http//goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/goes.databookn.htm
  l
• UW/SSEC/CIMSS/ASPB
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes_r/awg/proxy/nwp/
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/wf
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/
• http//www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/geo/

AMS BAMS Article on the ABI (Aug. 2005)
87
ABI Clear-sky Weighting Functions
88
http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/wf/ABI/
89
Summary

• We want to work with together, both for more use
  of todays satellite information and prepare to
  better utilize GOES-R satellite information.
• Thank you for your time.
• Contact information
• tims_at_ssec.wisc.edu or tim.j.schmit_at_noaa.gov

90
Acknowledgements

• The authors would like to thank the entire GOES-R
  team both within the government, industry and
  academia.
• The views, opinions, and findings contained in
  this presentation are those of the authors and
  should not be construed as an official National
  Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S.
  Government position, policy, or decision.