Use of the Old Testament In the New Testament

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Use of the Old Testament In the New Testament

• Definitions and Questions

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• Ephesians 216-17 kai. avpokatalla,xh tou.j
  avmfote,rouj evn eni. sw,mati tw/ qew/ dia.
  tou/ staurou/( avpoktei,naj th.n ecqran evn
  auvtw/Å
• kai. evlqw.n euvhggeli,sato eivrh,nhn umi/n
  toi/j makra.n kai. eivrh,nhn toi/j evggu,j\

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Isaiah 5719 in LXX

• LXT Isaiah 5719 eivrh,nhn evpV eivrh,nhn toi/j
  makra.n kai. toi/j evggu.j ousin kai. eipen
  ku,rioj iva,somai auvtou,j
• LXE Isaiah 5719 peace upon peace to them that
  are far off, and to them that are nigh and the
  Lord has said, I will heal them.
• NAS Isaiah 5719 Creating the praise of the lips.
  Peace, peace to him who is far and to him who is
  near," Says the LORD, "and I will heal him."

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Isaiah 527 in LXX

• LXT Isaiah 527 wj wra evpi. tw/n ovre,wn wj
  po,dej euvaggelizome,nou avkoh.n eivrh,nhj wj
  euvaggelizo,menoj avgaqa, oti avkousth.n poih,sw
  th.n swthri,an sou le,gwn Siwn basileu,sei sou o
  qeo,j
• LXE Isaiah 527 as a season of beauty upon the
  mountains, as the feet of one preaching glad
  tidings of peace, as one preaching good news for
  I will publish thy salvation, saying, O Sion, thy
  God shall reign.

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Definitions-see HS Ch. 14 fn. 1

• Quotation- also called a citation, contains a
  portion of the source text, usually word for word
• Allusion- an indirect, imprecise or passing
  reference in which verbal correspondence to the
  source text is relatively remote
• Echo- may contain a few words, but usually
  contains concepts or themes from the source text

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Questions

• These Questions come from the COMMENTARY ON THE
  NEW TESTAMENT USE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT edited by
  D. A. Carson and G. K. Beale. (forthcoming in
  November from Baker Academic)

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Questions

• 1. What is the NT context of the citation or
  allusion? Establish the topic of discussion, the
  flow of thought, and/or the literary structure,
  genre, and rhetoric of the passage.

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Questions

• 2. What is the OT context from which the
  quotation or allusion is drawn?
• -Sometimes one must expend much time and energy
  to demonstrate that a brief phrase or idea does
  come from a particular OT phrase and nowhere
  else.
• Include reflection on not only the use of the OT
  in the NT but also the OT in the OT (called
  intertextuality).

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Questions

• 3. How is the OT quotation or source handled in
  the literature of Second Temple Judaism or (more
  broadly yet) of early Judaism?
• -This may show how these texts were understood by
  sources roughly contemporary with the NT.
• -They sometimes show that Jewish authorities were
  divided about some passages.

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3 continued

• -In some instances the readings provide a foil
  for early Christian writings
• -In a handful of cases, NT writers apparently
  display direct dependence on sources belonging to
  early Judaism in their handling of the OT (e.g.,
  Jude). What is to be inferred from such
  dependence?

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Questions

• 4. What textual factors must be borne in mind as
  one seeks to understand a particular use of the
  OT? Is the author citing the LXX, the MT,
  Targums (Aramaic translations and commentary on
  the OT), or a dependence on memory?
• -Is there a significance in tiny changes?
• -Are there textual variations in the citation?

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Questions

• 5. How is the NT author using the OT text?
• -Is the connection simply a connection of
  language?
• -Is the NT writer faithful to the OT text?
• -What does fulfillment meant to the NT writer?
• What kind of exegetical technique does the author
  use?

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Questions

• 6. To what theological use does the NT writer
  put the OT quotation or allusion?
• -Writers apply OT passages that speak of YHWH to
  Jesus.
• -Writers apply OT passages that speak of Israel
  to Jesus.
• -Is this common among Jewish exegetes?

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