Prisons for sale

1
Prisons for sale or Sale of Humanity
International Project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Outline

• Market or State the provision of welfare
• Lecture and opening discussion
• The Liberalisation of the Market for Services
• Social Services Commodification
• or Decommodification of the workforce
• Social Services in Nordhausen - developments

2
Prisons for sale or Sale of Humanity
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Outline

• Introduction
• European Integration as framework
• Social Policy between doing good and
  management
• Social policy a EUropean perspective
• Social services their current quantitative
  meaning
• Social services a tradable good?

3
International project-week Nordhausen 2003
That which was experimental in our plan of
government was the question whether democratic
rule could be so organized and conducted that it
would not degenerate into license and result in
the tyranny of absolutism, without saving to the
people the power so often found necessary of
repressing or destroying their enemy, when he was
found in the person of a single despot.
4
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Buy a prison
What drives this headlong rush towards the
unimaginable? Prison is no longer just a crime
and punishment business, it is a money business.
From the chain-gang to the isolation unit,
incarceration has become one of America 's
fastest-growing industries, a sure thing in a
softening economy.
5
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Buy a prison 2 Generating over 30 billion a year
in the US - more than baseball, more than
pornography - the thriving prison industry has
created millionaires with a vested interest in
filling cells and employees with a fatalistic
attitude to their long-term guests. "Let's face
it," one warden recently remarked, "they're here
to die."
6
International project week Nordhausen 2003
European Integration as framework
7
International project week Nordhausen
The European Social Model normative hopes and
promises

• For most people it is the European Social Model
  that distinguishes Europe from other parts of the
  developed countries. This model is probably
  better defined as a set of shared values than as
  a fixed model.
• These values include
• A society which places human rights including
  economic and social rights at the centre of its
  concerns and ensures that no one is excluded
  from exercising their rights and participating
  fully in society

8
International project week Nordhausen 2003

• The European Social Model
• normative hopes and promises 2
• A high level of social protection and universal
  and equal access to key services such as health
  care, education and training, housing, that is 
  guaranteed or provided by the state
• The recognition of the strength of cultural
  diversity within and between member states.
• A commitment to high quality and stable
  employment with a strong emphasis on the rights
  of workers

9
International project week Nordhausen
and the official working definition

• The European Social Model reflects the following
  common principles
•        Europes success must not exclude
  anyone, 
•        Solidarity is linked to economic
  success. 
•        There is neither dilemma nor a
  contradiction between economic and social
  progress.
•        The welfare state is not a luxury, a
  product of economic development, but a factor
  of production. 

10
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
The Unions strategic goal
The Union has today set itself a new strategic
goal for the next decade to become the most
competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy
in the world, capable of sustainable economic
growth with more and better jobs and greater
social cohesion.
11
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
The Unions strategic goal 2 This strategy is
designed to enable the Union to regain the
conditions for full employment, and to strengthen
regional cohesion in the European Union. The
European Council needs to set a goal for full
employment in Europe in an emerging new society
which is more adapted to the personal choices of
women and men.
12
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
EUropean integration the fundamental mechanism
of four basic freedoms

• Free movement of capital
• Free movement of goods
• Free movement of workers
• Free movement of services

13
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social policy between doing good and management
14
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy fundamental role and function

• Protection
• Distribution
• Production
• Societal politics
• Re-Distribution (interpersonal and
  intergenerational)

15
International project week Nordhausen 2003
The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism - A
Typology of welfare systems (Esping-Andersen)
Welfare regime A regime is understood as a
particular constellation of social, political and
economic arrangements which tend to nurture a
particular welfare system, which in turn supports
a particular pattern of stratification, and thus
feeds back into its own stability.
16
International project week Nordhausen 2003
The Three Worlds 2
De-commodification occurs when a service is
rendered as a matter of right and when a person
can maintain a livelihood without reliance on the
market.
17
International project week Nordhausen 2003
The Three Worlds 3a
Type of wel-fare regime Liberal Conservative Social-democratic
Values Work ethic stigma Rights according to class and status Equality, universalism of high standards
Instruments Means tested assistance Private insurance backed by state State first line of support high level of benefits
Aims Strengthen market Strengthen civil society, limit market Fusion welfare and work, full employment
18
International project week Nordhausen 2003
The Three Worlds 3b
Decommodi-fication Low Medium high
Class implications Middle class suspicious of state Class maintained but stabilised Middle class wooed from market to state
Example USA, Canada, Australia, UK Austria, France, Germany, Italy Scandinavia
19
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social policy a EUropean perspective
20
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in the European Context flanking
market imperfection
European Social Policy as flanking factor
thought as evening out and compensating for
shortcomings in other policy areas
21
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in the European Context flanking
market imperfection
Since the introduction of the internal market the
necessity of reducing regional disparities is
getting even stronger in the political task list.
In a world, shaped by looking for competitiveness
one cannot presume that free trade and the market
guarantee a balanced development. In consequence
the situation of poor regions is getting even
worse.
22
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in the European Context flanking
market imperfection
In addition the governments are reducing public
spending to fulfill the convergence criteria as
they had been defined in the Treaty of Masstricht.
23
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in the European Context flanking
market imperfection
24
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy as productive factor
linkage or subordination?
Social policy as a productive factor can be
interpreted as promoting growth or, more broadly,
as promoting quality of life. Productivity, in
the sense of promoting growth implies that growth
in income per capita is the key policy aim.
25
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy as productive factor
linkage or subordination?
The important thing is to realise the double
dimension of social policy. It has a consumption
(e.g. redistribution) and an investment component
(education and training, health care,
occupational safety and health).
26
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy as productive factor
linkage or subordination?
27
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy the costs of non-social
policy
On the side of the economic costs of non-social
policy we have shown that social policy
contributes to economic stabilisation and
smoothing of the business cycle, and it has a
positive effect on allocation efficiency.
28
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy the costs of non-social
policy
Publicly provided social protection offers the
possibility to cope with adverse selection,
internalise (income) externalities and take
advantage of economies of scales.
29
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy the costs of non-social
policy
Social policy also contributes to the quality of
the labour force and the formation of social
capital. On changing and dynamic labour markets
such as transitional labour markets with
increased flexibility of the labour market,
part-time work, non-linear careers it
contributes to smoothing new social and economic
risks.
30
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
European Social Policy the costs of non-social
policy
31
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in a Social Quality Perspective
The social is the outcome of constantly
changing processes through which individuals
realise themselves as interacting social beings.
From this point of view social policy is no
longer the handmaiden of economic policy, because
both depend on the underlying concept of the
social.
32
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in a Social Quality Perspective
Furthermore policy can no longer be seen as a
top-down form of governance, because the social
processes in which individuals realise themselves
should be point of departure for policy
development.
33
International project week Nordhausen Mai 2003
Social Policy in a Social Quality Perspective
34
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social services their current quantitative
meaning
35
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Einrichtungen und Dienste der Freien Wohlfahrtspflege 2000 Einrich-tungen Betten/Plätze Vollzeit-beschäft. Teilzeit-beschäft.
1.  Krankenhäuser  1.227 220.507 213.774 103.742
2.  Jugendhilfe  33.974 1.835.231 146.482 110.250
3.  Familienhilfe  9.453 58.757 34.505 54.942
4.  Altenhilfe  15.212 481.495 129.437 108.140

36
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Einrichtungen und Dienste 2 Einrich-tungen Betten/Plätze Vollzeit-beschäft. Teilzeit-beschäft.
5.  Behindertenhilfe  12.449 344.819 98.208 59.503
6.  Sonstige Einrichtungen und Dienste  19.683 215.417 55.835 33.086
7.  Aus-, Fort- und Weiter- bildungsstätten  1.568 114.310 8.435 7.990
Gesamt 93.566 3.270.536 686.676 477.653

37
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Facilities and sevices provided by the
non-statutory welfare according working areas,
2000
38
International project week Nordhausen 2003
And sevices provided by the non-statutory welfare
according working areas, 2000 beds and spaces
39
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Facilities and sevices provided by the
non-statutory welfare according working areas,
2000 - Employees
40
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Distribution of care facilities in Ireland
41
International project week Nordhausen 2003
42
International project week Nordhausen 2003
43
International project week Nordhausen 2003
44
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social services a tradable good?
45
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social Services their specific character. The
academic debate
The term service contains the contradiction of
the subjective-personal order (of power) of
serving on the one hand and the objective (then
mostly impersonal/alienated) criteria of order
which are concerned with perfomance.
46
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social Services their specific character. The
academic debate
Totality of activities concerned with the material and ideal reporiduction of society
A fullfilling the physical conditions of life by productive activities B 1) services as form-protecting activities
2) Extracting activities in the primary sector 3) Productive activities in the secondary sector
Processing and application of information
Material-production oriented services Interactive, person-oriented services
47
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social Services their specific character. The
academic debate
Terminology social services are not clearly
differentiated in regard of the dimension of
acting and the organisational dimension. Classific
ation social services are being classified as
sub-category of person-oriented
services Substantial aspect social services are
characterised as being help/support (for
dependents)
48
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social Services their specific character. The
academic debate
Formal aspect social services are provided in
the framework of statutory social policy
central, bureaucratic, paid, professionalised Hist
orical aspect historically, social services are
recent previously matters concerned had been
part of the socio-cultural system, provided near
to the family and natural
49
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social Services their specific character. The
recent debate by the Platform of Social NGOs

• Social Services are services of General
  Interest
• They have, however, a specific nature, making
  them different from other services of general
  interest (e.g. transport, electricity supply
  etc.)
• Consequently, they need specific treatment

50
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social Services their specific character. The
recent debate by the Platform of Social NGOs

• Concerned with the implementation of human
  rights and empowerment of people
• Person-centred
• linked to the respective national welfare
  systems
• based on institutional, organised arrangements
  with qualified personell
• Results depending on the quality of interaction

51
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social Services their specific character
The implementation of the EU-law in the area of
services of general interest will only enforce
the liberalisation and competitive orientation
which is widely accepted in other areas of the
law of the member states and which guarantees
freedom, wealth and multitude by applying the
rules of the market.
52
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social Services their specific character
The advocates of the application of the
competition law cannot understand why the
provision of financial services is seen as so
crucial that it has to be guaranteed by the state
(saving banks) but that nobody considers to
transfer the trade with food into public
enterprises because of the importance of the
provision across the entire region.
53
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Social Services their specific character
The public sector is a central element of
economic policies in the member states.
54
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Project work

1. Discuss the four definitions
2. Provide a comparative list with social services
   in and around Nordhausen

55
International project week Nordhausen 2003
Project work
Defintion Widely held under-standing Academic defintion Platform on behalf of providers Liberal Economy
Type of service/ name of agency (b border-case)