Outline

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Outline

• 1. The Ionic Basis of the Resting Membrane
  Potential
• 2. Four Factors Determine the Ionic Distribution
  that Underlies the Resting Membrane
• Potential
• a. Differential Permeability of the Membrane
• b. Sodium-Potassium Pumps
• c. Diffusion (Random Motion)
• d. Electrostatic Pressure
• 3. Postsynaptic Potentials
• 4. Generation of Action Potentials
• 5. Ionic Events Underlying Action Potentials
• 6. Conduction of Action Potentials
• a. Action Potentials are Nondecremental and Slow
• b. Myelin Increases the Speed of Conduction

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Synaptic Transmission

• Outline
• 1. Synaptic Contacts and Transmission
• a. Structure of Synapses
• b. Synthesis, Packing Transport of
  Neurotransmitter Molecules
• c. Release of Neurotransmitter Molecules
• d. Activation of Receptors
• e. Reuptake, Degradation and Recycling
• 2. Neurotransmitters and Receptors
• a. Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
• b. Monoamine Neurotransmitters
• c. Acetylcholine
• d. Soluble Gas Neurotransmitters
• e. Neuropeptide Neurotransmitters
• 3. Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission

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Agonists

• Increase synthesis of NTs
• Tryptophan (turkey warm milk)
• L-Dopa
• Block enzymes that destroy NTs
• MAO inhibitors (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
• Increase release from terminal buttons
• Amphetamine reverse transporter
• Black widow venom promotes release of ACh by
  interacting with the releasing proteins on
  presynaptic membrane
• Block Autoreceptor
• Research drugs (couldnt find any interesting
  ones)
• Bind to post synaptic receptor and cause effects,
  or increase effectiveness of NT
• Benzodiazepines Valium
• Block deactivation
• SSRI Prozac Zoloft
• SNRI Effexor Cymbalta
• Cocaine

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Antagonists

• Blocks synthesis of NTs
• AMPT blocks production of DA can increase
  symptoms of depression in lab.
• Blocks storage/increases destruction of NTs
• Reserpine Blocks storage of monamines used to
  treat high blood pressure depression can be a
  side effect
• Prevent release of NTs
• Botulinum Toxin - Botulism (food poisoning).
  This toxin prevents the release of Ach leading to
  paralysis and potentially death
• Small doses prevent wrinkles Botox
• Activate autoreceptor
• Aripiprazole Inhibits DA release by activating
  the autoreceptor used as an antipsychotic
• Block receptor
• Some antipsychotic drugs. Drugs that block
  serotonin receptors are used to treat the
  negative symptoms of schizophrenia (social
  problems, flattened affect).l