Elements

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Elements

• Presented by
• Ben Downard
• Phil Etoll
• Jordan James

Periodic Table
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Element Set Up
Metals
Lathanum and Actinium Series
Alkali Metals
Other Elements
Nuclide Symbol
Nonmetals
Metalloids
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Periodic Table

• The periodic table is divided up into several
  different categories.
• These categories are Metals, Metalloids, and
  Non-Metals. (These are just the major three.)

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Element Set Up

• First we have to understand how an element is set
  up.
• Atomic Number- shows how many protons are in the
  Nucleus
• Atomic Mass- average weight of the protons and
  neutrons in the nucleus
• Element Symbol- symbol used to represent the
  element

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Metals

• Metals Make up the Majority of the periodic
  table.
• All metals share the same properties such as
  being good conductors of heat and electricity,
  being malleable, and being ductile.
• Metals can be broken down into three groups,
  Alkali, Alkaline, and Transition metals.
• Currently, there are 54 metals on the periodic
  table.

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Alkali Metals

• Alkali Metals make up the first group on the
  periodic table.
• These metals are soft, shiny, and have one
  valence electron.
• They also bond well with group 17 elements.
• These elements are Lithium, Sodium, Potassium,
  Rubidium, Caesium, and Francium.

More Info
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Alkaline Earth Metals

• Alkaline Earth Metals make up the second group on
  the Periodic Table.
• These metals are not as reactive as alkali, but
  they are stronger and harder than alkali.
• These metals have two valence electrons.
• The metals in this group are Beryllium,
  Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Radium.

More Info
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Transition Metals

• Transition Metals make up the majority of the
  metals.
• Transition metals have varying properties thats
  why they are in their own section(Groups 3-12).
• These elements, from ascending order, are
  Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium,
  Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc,
  Yttrium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum,
  Technetium, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium,
  Silver, Cadmium, Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten,
  Rhenium, Osmium, Iridium, Platinum, Gold,
  Mercury, Thallium, Rutherfordium, Dubnium,
  Seaborgium, Bohrium, Hassium, and Meitnerium.

More Info
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Lanthanum and Actinium Series

• These are the two series that do not lie with in
  the table.
• These metals are Lathanum, Cerium, Praseldymium,
  Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium,
  Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium,
  Thulium, Ytterbium, Actinium, Thorium,
  Protactinium, Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium,
  Americium, Curium, Berkelium, Californium,
  Einsteinium, Fermium, Mendslevium, Nobelium.

More Info
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Other Metals

• Finally, there are seven elements that do not fit
  in the other categories.
• These metals are ductile and malleable like the
  transition metals. Except they do not have random
  oxidation temperatures.
• These elements are Aluminum, Gallium, Indium,
  Tin, Thallium, Lead, and Bismuth.

More Info
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Nuclide Symbol

• With the Nuclide Symbol you can find how many,
  protons, electrons, and neutrons an element has.
• Assuming the element is neutral, you would look
  at the Atomic Number for protons and electrons.
• To find the number of neutrons all you have to do
  is subtract the Atomic Number from the Molar
  Mass.
• Molar Mass- is the Atomic Mass rounded to the
  nearest ones place.

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NONMETALS

• Generally gases or brittle solids
  at room
  temperature
• If solid, surface is dull and it
  is an insulator
• More electrons in outer level
• Nonmetals website

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EXAMPLES OF NONMETALS

• Nitrogen and Oxygen
• Make up most of air we breathe
• Cant be seen, tasted, or smelled
• Carbon
• Graphite, coal, and diamonds are all pure carbon
• Compounds containing carbon are organic compounds

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(CONTINUED)

• Silicon
• Semiconductor
• Used in solar cells, transistors, and computer
  chips
• 2nd most plentiful element in the Earths crust
• All Nonmetals

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NOBLE GASES

• All gases
• Generally arent reactive
• Once, were thought to form no compounds
• Helium, neon, and argon form no compounds
• Krypton reacts with flourine
• Xenon forms a wide range of compounds
• Noble Gas Website

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HALOGENS

• 5 different halogens
• Fluorine is the most reactive element known
• Asbestos, water, and silicon burst into flame in
  its presence
• Reacts with Kr, Xe, and Rn elements once
  thought to be inert
• Hard to find a container to hold it because it
  attacks glass and quartz and causes most metals
  to burst into flames

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(CONTINUED)

• Form diatomic molecules (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, and
  At2)
• Halogens Website

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Metalloids

• Metalloids are the elements found along the
  stair-step line that distinguishes metals from
  non-metals. This line is drawn from between Boron
  and Aluminum to the border between Polonium and
  Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum,
  which is classified under "Other Metals".
  Metalloids have properties of both metals and
  non-metals. Some of the metalloids, such as
  silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This
  means that they can carry an electrical charge
  under special conditions. This property makes
  metalloids useful in computers and calculators

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The Metalloids Are

• Boron
• Silicon
• Germanium
• Arsenic
• Antimony
• Tellurium
• Polonium

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Boron

• Symbol B
• Atomic Number 5
• Atomic Mass 10.811 amu
• Crystal Structure Rhombohedral
• Density _at_ 293 K 2.34 g/cm3

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Silicon

• Symbol Si
• Atomic Number 14
• Atomic Mass 28.0855 amu
• Crystal Structure Cubic
• Density _at_ 293 K 2.329 g/cm3

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Germanium

• Symbol Ge
• Atomic Number 32
• Atomic Mass 72.61 amu
• Crystal Structure Cubic
• Density _at_ 293 K 5.323 g/cm3

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Arsenic

• Symbol As
• Atomic Number 33
• Atomic Mass 74.9216 amu
• Crystal Structure Rhombohedral
• Density _at_ 293 K 5.72 g/cm3

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Antimony

• Symbol Sb
• Atomic Number 51
• Atomic Mass 121.76 amu
• Crystal Structure Rhombohedral
• Density _at_ 293 K 6.684 g/cm3

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Tellurium

• Symbol Te
• Atomic Number 52
• Atomic Mass 127.6 amu
• Crystal Structure Hexagonal
• Density _at_ 293 K 6.24 g/cm3

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Polonium

• Symbol Po
• Atomic Number 84
• Atomic Mass (209.0) amu
• Crystal Structure Monoclinic
• Density _at_ 293 K 9.4 g/cm3
• For more information on Metalliods CLICK HERE