The%20Ancient%20Greeks

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The Ancient Greeks

• Section 1
• Geography/ The Early Greeks

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Canaan
Nile
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Geography

• Mainland- peninsula
• Mountainous land
• West-Ionian Sea
• South- Mediterranean Sea
• East- Aegean Sea
• Hundreds of islands

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How do you think geographic features affect
peoples lives?
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Geographic impact on Greek life

• Made a living off the sea
• Fishermen, sailors, and traders
• Farming communities
• Rocky terrain but good climate!
• Wheat, barley, olives, and grapes.
• Raised sheep and goats
• Mountains and the seasunified or divided?

Divided them from one another.
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The Minoans

• Island of Crete
• Civilization before Greece
• 1900- archaeologist
• Ruins of a grand palace
• Knossos
• Many rooms and workshops
• Made their from

TRADE!
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Trade!

• Ships- oak and cedar
• Egypt and Syria
• Exports pottery and stone vases
• Imports ivory and metals

2000 B.C. controlled eastern Mediterranean Sea
Keep the seas safe from Pirates!
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1450 B.C. Collapse!

• Earthquakes?
• Giant waves wiped away the Minoan cities.
• Others Cities were destroyed by a group of
  Greeks from the mainland-Mycenaeans

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Begin the REVIEW questions.
What was the name of the civilization that was
on the island of Crete previous to Greece?
Minoans
What sea is to the west of the mainland of Greece?
Ionian Sea
How do archeologist believe the Minoan
civilization collapsed?
A great earthquake or attacks from the
Mycenaeans.
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Mycenaeans

• From central Asia in 1900 B.C.
• Leaders became the 1st Greek kings
• Palace on a hill
• Farms and estates
• Palaces-activity
• artisans-leather, swords, pottery, shields
• Govt kept track of and

taxed
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Power Trade and War
Mycenaeans
TRADE INFLUENCE Mycenaeans copied the Minoans
bronze Ship building Astronomy-sailing Worship-Ear
th Mother
Minoan
Trojan War- next chapter
By 1400 B.C., the Mycenaeans were the major
power in the Mediterranean.
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Dark Age
Trade
Trouble
1100 B.C. Collapse
350 years
crafts
writing
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Other Changes

• Moved from the mainland to the islands
• Western shores of Asia Minor-Turkey
• Expanded the Greek culture
• Dorians in the north moved south
• They brought iron weapons
• Farmers began producing surplus food
• Phoenician alphabet
• 24 letters
• Easier
• Writing began again

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Polis

• End of Dark Age

• Nobles overthrow kings.

Athens
acropolis
agora
City-states
farmland
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Citizenship

• 1st to come up with this idea
• City-state run by its citizens
• Political community
• Equals
• Rightsresponsibilities
• Free, native-born, man, land-owners

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Rights
Gather- agora
Choose officials
Pass laws
Hold office
Own property
Defend themselves in court
Round shield Short sword 9ft. spear
Fight
Loyal
hoplites
Shoulder to shoulder
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COLONIZE
People need to move out

• Population increase

Italy, France, Spain, North Africa, and Western
Asia
- the making of coins!
Industry- specialization
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Section 2

• Monarchy
• Oligarchy
• Democracy
• Helot
• Tyrant

Farmers were unhappy. Artisans were
unhappy. 650 B.C. began to demand change!
hoplites
tyrants
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Tyrants

• 500 B.C.-
• Oligarchy
• Democracy

Sparta
Athens
oligarchy
democracy
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Government Society

• Sparta
• 2 kings ruled Sparta
• 5 elected supervisors ran gov.t
• Elders proposed laws
• Citizens voted
• 3 social groups
• Citizens
• Non-citizens
• Helots (farmers)

• Athens
• 2 governing bodies
• Council of 400 ran daily life, people voted.
• Citizens had to serve in army when needed
• Slaves non- citizens 1/3 of pop.

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Women

• Sparta
• Emotionally physically tough.
• Taught strength athletics
• Family life less important
• Husbands wives were separated.
• More freedom, allowed to own property

• Athens
• Expected to be good wives, mothers
• Some were priestesses
• Did not attend school
• Less freedom than Sparta
• Could only inherit property if no brothers

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Sparta Athens An Overview

• Sparta
• Government Oligarchy
• Economy Military
• Education Emphasized military discipline

• Athens
• Government Democracy
• Economy Farming and trade
• Education Emphasized culture, physical, and
  liberal education.

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Education

• Sparta
• Boys lived in barracks (military houses) from age
  7
• Taught discipline, duty, strength, military
  skill, little reading
• All male citizens entered army at age 20, served
  til 60

• Athens
• Boys of wealthy families started school at age
  6-7
• Prepared for citizenship, learned logic, debate.
• Studied reading, writing, poetry, math, music

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Oaths
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Quiz

• Please get out something to write with and your
• Venn Diagram.
• (Everything else away.)

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Cleisthenes
Common
men
read
kings
women
write
boys
elders
arrows
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Write three of your own review questions from
yesterdays notes.
Yes, you should answer them.
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Section 3

• Persian Empire

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The Persian Empire

• United a wide area under one government
• Iran- warriors and nomads
• Cyrus 559-530 B.C.
• Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Syria, Canaan
• Expanded territory
• Roads w/ stations

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Government Religion

• Darius 521 B.C.
• 20 satrapies w/ satrap
• ARMY!
• Zoroastrianism
• Zoroaster 660 B.C.
• Monotheistic
• Choice Right v. Wrong
• Still practiced

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Marathon

• Greek vs. Persia

LAND
p.354
ELABORATE
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Another Persian Strike

• Xerxes vowed revenge against Athens
• 180,000 troops
• Sparta?
• Athens?

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Persia Falls
Weakened by war!
Internal Problems
Rulers Raised Taxes
150 Years
Who? Killed by other family members to get the
throne. 6/9 Kings Murdered
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334 B.C. Greek Emperor 330 B.C. Persia kings
were all dead! Alexander could rule the whole
Persian Empire
Alexander the Great
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Ch. 7 Sec. 4
We love Greece!
Please take out your practice and oaths. and
paper for notes
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Persia

• 478 Athens city states
• Delian League- on the island of Delos
• Promised to defend
• Drive Persia out of Greek territories
• Athenians rise- C.F.O., commanders

helped to overthrow nobles in other
city-states
Athenian Empire
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Democracy

• Direct Democracy
• Mass meetings
• Vote 1st hand

• U.S. Representative Democracy
• Citizens choose small group to represent everyone.

• 43, 000 citizens
• 6,000 at meetings
• 10 days

• Laws
• Elected officials
• Make decisions
• War/
• foreign affairs

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Pericles

• Athenian General- 30 years
• Helped Athens rule
• the Delian Leauge
• Talent vs. social class
• 1st time poor can become
• part of the inner circle
• of government!

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Culture
Learning and creativity
artists
Rebuild Athens
architects
writers
philosophers
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WOMEN
MEN

• Take care of home and family
• Married _at_ 14 or 15
• Poor women may work w/ husbands
• Cloth
• Rarely went out
• No school but learned to read and write

• Shop and provide for family
• Serve on assembly or on juries
• Socialize and debate

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Athens

• 400 B.C. 285,000
• 150,000 Citizens
• 43,000 Males involved in politics
• 35,000 foreigners
• 100,000 enslaved people

Enslaved
Citizens- non politics
Politics
Foreigners
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Economy

• Supported-enslaved
• Hearders
• Farmers
• Import Grain!!!

• Athens
• Center of Trade
• Pottery
• Jewelry
• Leather

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Sparta
Athens
Major Powers in the Greek World 445 B.C. Signed
Peace Treaty
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The Peloponnesian War

• Causes of the War
• Many differences between Athens Sparta
• Athens Democracy, Sparta Military Govt.
• Three main reasons for war
• City-states(C-S) feared Athens growing power
• Athens built a naval empire
• Athenian settlers moved into other city-states

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The Outbreak of War

• Athens other city-states form Delian League
• Some C-S tried to break away from Athens
• Pericles punished city-states
• Sparta forms Peloponnesian League
• Sparta declares war on Athens in 431 BCE

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Pericles Funeral Speech

• 1st winter-honor the dead
• People make the government stronger.
• Citizens should obey the rules in the
  constitution or framework.
• Right responsibility.

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The War Rages

• Strategies of War
• Sparta had better land forces city was safe
  from sea attack.
• Athens had a better navy, could attack Spartas
  allies from sea
• Sparta captured land around Athens
• Destroyed crops food supply

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• Strategies of War
• Athens plan avoid land battles, rely on navy
• Pericles let Sparta destroy crops
• Brought people inside city walls, brought food in
  by sea.

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Disaster Strikes Athens

• Under Pericles plan, Athens became overcrowded
• 2nd year of war plague broke out in Athens
• Disease spread easily, often led to death
• City lost 1/3 of its people army (Pericles too)
• 421 BCE Athens signs truce
• Agreement to stop fighting
• Athens surrendered to Sparta in 404 BCE

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Chapter 8 Section 1
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Greek Myths and Legends
Explain things that we would explain scientificall
y.
A story which is the product of the
imagination. To the Greeks, they were more than
stories. They became part of their religion.
Legend elaborations of historical events
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Religion
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Greek Poetry and Fables
Oldest in Europe
People still use these stories as models
Impact
Homer
Epics
700 B.C. -Iliad -Odyssey
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Iliad
Odyssey

• Prince of Troy takes Spartan Kings wife
• Spartans/ Mycenaens
• Hollow wooden horse-warriors
• Trojans-gift
• Now the warriors are inside the walls of Troy.

• Odysseus-Greek Hero
• Gods- 10 years Trojan War
• Odyssey- long journey
• Storms, witches, and giants

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Greeks saw Homers epics as more than just
stories

• Ideal past w/ heroes
• Courage
• Honor
• Loyal
• Value relationships- husband and wife
• Role models- boys

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Aesop- 550 B.C.

• 200 yrs.- Oral Tradition
• Fable- teaches a lesson
• Funny
• Animals- talk and act like people
• Human flaws/ strength

Moral / Lesson Slow and steady wins the race.
Tortoise and Hare
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Greek Drama-story told by actors

• TRAGEDIES
• Struggle to overcome
• Fail
• Fate
• Character flaws

• COMEDIES
• Ending was happy
• Today- humor
• Good vs. Evil
• Rights
• Role of Gods

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Impact on Today

• Aeschylus-intro 2 Characters conflict
• Costumes, props, decor
• Sophoclus- 3 actors, painted scenes
• Euripides- down to earth/ war- cruel
• Aristophanes
• Fun of politicians
• Scholars

THINK
LAUGH
JOKE
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Review Questions
How does Greek literature impact us today?
Conflict, story lines tragedies, comedies, drama,
lessons.
What is an epic? What are the two Homer wrote?
Story told through a long poem. Odyssey and Iliad.
What is a fable? Who was the fable writer we
talked about?
A short story with a lesson or moral. Aesop!
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Greek Art and Architecture
How would you describe art? write or draw How
would you describe architecture? write or draw
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art
reason
moderation
balance/ harmony
Murals
Myths
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Architecture

• The art of designing and building structures
• Most important- temple- gods
• Parthenon- Athens
• 230 feet long/ 100 feet wide
• 447 and 432 B.C.

wood
marble
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sculptures
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Doric
Corinthian
Ionic
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Parthenon
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U.S.
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Alexander the Great
Chapter 8 Section 3
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Macedonia

• Macedonia North of Greece
• Raised sheep and horses
• Warrior people-
• Horseback
• By 400 B.C.- powerful kingdom

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Philip II

• King of Macedonia
• Admired Greek culture
• Goal Defeat the Persian Empire
• Idea Unite Macedonia with Greek C-S
• Trained foot soldiers
• Took over one C-S at a time

Demosthenes
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It was too late

• Peloponnesian War weak and divided
• Athenians joined with other C-S
• Could not stop the invasion
• 338 B.C.- Macedonians crushed Greek C-S
• Battle of CHAERONEA

Greece
Philip
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Philip

• King Philip
• Didnt want Athens destroyed
• Combined his army with Athens and other C-S to
  take over Persia
• Murdered

Alexander
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Alexander

• King Philip trained Alexander well
• 16 yrs. Old- commander
• 20 yrs. Old-King
• Reckless, military leader

Father's Dream
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What did he conquer?

• 20,000 mile journey- 334 B.C.
• Asia Minor
• 37,000 foot soldiers
• 5,000 cavalry
• Persian satraps
• 332 B.C.- Syria
• Alexandria
• 331 B.C. EAST- Gaugamela (Babylon)

Persian Empire
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Alexander continues

• 326 B.C. Indus River
• Bloody battles

Alexander decides to lead them home.
Soldiers refuse to go farther
323 B.C. Babylon 32 yrs- died
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Legacy

• Extended Greek and Macedonian rule
• Greek
• Art
• Ideas
• Language
• architecture

Hellenistic Era
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Hellenistic Era

• Generals power
• Empire fell apart
• 4 Kingdoms
• Macedonia
• Pergamum
• Egypt
• Seleucid

Prospered
Greek