DOCUMENTATION

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DOCUMENTATION

• Using Quotations, Embedded Citations, and Works
  Cited Lists
• MLA Style

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Today...

• What is documentation?
• What should I cite?
• How should I cite it?
• How do I create a bibliography?
• How do I create a Works Cited List?
• Embedded (parenthetical) citations
• Foot notes and end notes
• Academic honesty

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Documentation

• The process of clearly stating the source of all
  ideas and information in your work.
• Improper documentation or plagiarism happens when
  you
• Copy someones ideas
• Copy someones words
• Copy someones photos/images/data
• and say they are your own

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Recording Sources

• Keep track of your sources as you research
• Your notes should ALWAYS list page references
  (where possible) and full source information
• create a source list for every assignment
  (including presentations)
• use the MLA style Work Cited list unless you are
  told otherwise

For an explanation of MLA style see Appendix 2
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Creating a Works Cited List
See pg. 58 Student Research Guide
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Creating a Works Cited List

• For most common forms go to the
• EHSS Library Website
• Library Handouts
• Research Tools
• Research Record (MLA)

For a complete list of ALL formats check the
Student Research Guide p 73-77
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Bibliographies Works Cited Lists Whats the
difference?

• A Bibliography
• Alphabetical list of sources
• All works consulted
• A Works Cited list
• Alphabetical list of sources
• All works cited
• Check with your teacher if you are unsure of the
  format they require

• Reference List
• Lists all references (works) referred to in your
  paper
• APA format
• Used in science, social science, math, business,
  Phys. Ed.

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Creating a Bibliography
See pg. 71 Student Research Guide
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What Should I Cite?

• If no sources are documented or referenced the
  assumption is that you are the creator
• You must give credit for
• any ideas which are not your own
• any photos or images which are not your own
• direct quotations from a text

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How should I cite within my writing?

• at the end of a statement
• at the end of a direct quotation
• 3 choices
• Embedded Citations
• Foot notes
• End notes
• They must match your works cited list!

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Some exceptions

• If something is considered common knowledge it
  does not need to be cited, but make sure its not
  copied word-for-word!
• For e.g. Margaret Atwood is an award winning
  Canadian writer
• For an explanation of Common Knowledge see
  Appendix 1

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Embedded Citations

• Parenthetical
• Embedded
• In text
• different words for the same thing

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Embedded Citations (MLA)
See pg. 58 Student Research Guide
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Foot Notes End Notes

• End Notes use the same basic form as Foot Notes
  format them as follows
• On a separate sheet AFTER your essay
• Use the title Notes (centred)
• Number consecutively
• No punctuation after the number

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Embedded Citations (MLA)

• Citing from non-fiction - one author
• (Pennington 73).
• Citing from a novel (name of author mentioned in
  essay)
• (535 pt. 6, ch. 41).

Page info/quote is from
Author
Part
Chapter
Page
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Embedded Citations (MLA) contd...

• Citing from a poem not divided into parts - poet
  named before quotation
• First citation
• (line 4).
• Next citation(s)
• (9-10).
• Citing from a verse play or poem in parts
• (3. 4.147).
• Shakespeare
• (III. iv. 147)

The word line AND the line number
Line number (s) only
Scene
Act
Line number
Roman Numerals - large
arabic numbers
-small
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Embedded Citations (MLA)
contd...

• Citing from prose plays
• (5 act 1)
• Citing from the world wide web with no page or
  screen numbers
• (Callway)

Act (and scene if any)
Page
Authors name
The MLA handbook states that embedded citations
must identify the location of any cited
information as precisely as possible
ACTIVITY 1
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Embedded Citations (MLA) Punctuation

• Generally punctuation is placed outside the
  parentheses...
• (5 act 1).
• (3. 4.147)
• (Pennington 73),

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Embedded Citations (MLA) Punctuation
contd...

• except when the citation appears at the end of a
  block quotation set off from the text.
• In Thompson Highways The Rez Sisters, Pelaija
  expresses this
• sense of loss
• So what! And the old stories, the old language.
  Almost all
• gonewas a time Nanabush and Windigo and everyone
  could
• rattle away in Indian fast as Bingo Betty could
  lay her bingo chips
• down on a hot night. (5 act 1)
• Quoted in Aaron, Jane E. and Murray McArthur.
  The Little Brown Compact Handbook. Toronto
  Pearson Education Canada, Inc., 2003, 352.

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Using Quotations

• When?
• when you want to include something which makes a
  powerful or memorable point
• to confirm the credibility of your argument
• to argue someone elses position

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Using Quotations

• How?
• Copy word-for-word
• Less than 5 lines?
• Place quotation marks around the passage
• Longer than 5 lines?
• Do not place it in quotation marks. Instead,
  create a block quotation

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Using Quotations

• Example 1 - Quotation Marks
• To a large extent, Of Mice and Men mirrors the
  myth of the Garden of Eden particularly the role
  of the woman. Charlotte Cook Hadella agrees with
  this concept and notes, The role of the woman
  is that of the temptress, the despoiler of the
  Garden Steinbeck makes the woman the
  instrument of destruction of the land dream
  (53,54).

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Using Quotations

• Example 2 - Block Quotation
• Goldhurst, however, argues that the central
  theme in Of Mice and Men is that of Cain and
  Abel
• Viewed in the light of its mythic and
  allegorical implications, Of Mice and Men is a
  story about the nature of mans fate in a fallen
  world, with particular emphasis upon the
  question is man destined to live alone, a
  solitary wanderer on the face of the earth, or is
  it the fate of man to care for man, to go his way
  in companionship with another? This is the same
  theme that occurs in the Old Testament The
  implications of the Cain-and-Abel drama are
  everywhere apparent in the fable of George and
  Lennie (39).

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Final Thoughts...

• There are different styles for different subject
  areas - ask which one is required of you.
• It takes time to learn these methods, but youll
  thank yourself in the end!
• Practice good habits now!

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Online Resources 1

• The Library _at_ Seattle Central
• http//dept.sccd.ctc.edu/cclib/Research_Tools/Cita
  tion_Style_Guides/
• Online Writing Lab - Purdue University
• http//owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_
  mla.html
• University of Toronto - Advice on Academic
  Writing
• http//www.utoronto.ca/writing/advise.html
• University of British Columbia Library
• http//www.library.ubc.ca/home/about/instruct/mlas
  tyle.html
• University of Wisconsin-Madison - The Writing
  Center http//www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocML
  ACitation_Info.html.
• Highly recommended - see also the print and
  online resources in the Works Cited list (last
  slide)

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Online Resources 2

• Writing Labs Main Pages
• http//www.utoronto.ca/writing/advise.html
• http//owl.english.purdue.edu/
• Quotations
• http//www.utoronto.ca/ucwriting/quotations.html
• http//owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/resea
  rch/r_mla.html
• Paraphrasing and Summarizing
• http//www.utoronto.ca/ucwriting/paraphrase.html
• http//owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_
  paraphr.html

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Works Cited

• Aaron, Jane E. and Murray McArthur. The Little
  Brown Compact Handbook. Toronto Pearson
  Education Canada, Inc., 2003.
• Bedford/St. Martins. Citation Styles Online!
  Using MLA Style to Cite and Document Sources.
  2003. 16 Dec. 2004. lthttp//www.bedfordstmartins.c
  om/online/cite5.htmlgt.
• Dodgson, Rose and others. Student Research Guide.
  Toronto Toronto District School Board, 2003.
  Also available online at lthttp//www.tdsb.on.ca/in
  struction/cyberlinks/documents/StudentResearchGuid
  e.pdfgt.
• Kasman Valenza, Joyce. "Anti-Plagiarism Campaign
  The Struggle for Academic Integrity." Connected
  Newsletter. December 2003/January 2004 4-7.
• Lee, I. A Research Guide for Students Chapter 9
  - Parenthetical References in MLA Style. 26 Nov
  2004. 16 Dec. 2004. lthttp//www.aresearchguide.com
  /sampleparenth.htmlgt.
• OWL at Purdue University. Avoiding Plagiarism.
  2004. 20 Feb. 2004.lthttp//owl.english.purdue.edu/
  handouts/research/r_plagiar.htmlgt.
• OWL at Purdue University. Paraphrase Write it
  in Your Own Words. 2004. 20 Feb. 2004.
  lthttp//owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r
  _plagiar.htmlgt.

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Appendix 1 Common Knowledge

• Material is probably common knowledge if . . .
• You find the same information undocumented in at
  least five other sources
• You think it is information that your readers
  will already know
• You think a person could easily find the
  information with general reference source
• From
• OWL at Purdue University. Avoiding Plagiarism .
  2004. 20 Feb. 2004. lthttp//owl.english.purdue.edu
  /handouts/research/r_plagiar.htmlgt.

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Appendix 2 What is MLA Style?

• MLA Modern Languages Association
• developed a style recommended for preparing
  scholarly manuscripts and student research papers
  the mechanics of writing, such as
  punctuation, quotation, and documentation of
  sources.
• One of the Big Three authorities on
  documentation style - the other two being the
  American Psychological Association APA and the
  University of Chicago Press Chicago Style.
• Used mainly for documenting sources in languages,
  the arts and the humanities.
• Source Modern Languages Association. What is
  MLA Style?. 9 Sep. 2003. 17 Dec. 2004.
  lthttp//www.mla.org/publications/stylegt.