Physics 211

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Physics 211

• Physics with Calculus
• Concurrent minimal requirement
• Math 140 First Semester Calculus
• Text Halliday Resnick Walker, Fundamentals of
  Physics, Extended, 9th Edition

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Physics 211Introduction to Mechanics

• Course Overview
• Requirements
• Expectations
• Chapter 1

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Course Requirements

• 3 exams 40
• Final 20
• Wiley Plus HW, Quizzes 20
• Laboratory
  20

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Expectations

• Prepare for each class
• 1. Read text assignment ahead of time
• 2. Prepare assignments ahead of time
• 3. Make use of all resources available
• Text, website of text
• Course Webpage http//hadron2.bk.psu.edu
• class notes
• practice and homework problems
• office hours Wed 430 or by appt.
• email lpg10_at_psu.edu

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The Major Player Isaac Newton 1642-1727

• Develops Calculus to explain the theory of
  Mechanics and Gravitation
• From his general statements on motion he develops
  calculus and shows that
• Planets follow elliptical motion
• They sweep out equal areas in equal time
  (conservation of angular momentum)
• From universal gravity he derives Keplers 3rd law

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Johannes Kepler 1571 1630 Astronomer,
Physicist, Natural Philosopher etc
?
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KEPLERS LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION

• 1. All planets move in ellipses with the Sun at
  one of the focus
• 2. The radius vector drawn from the Sun to a
  planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times
• 3. The square of the period of orbit is
  proportional to the cube of the semi major axis
  of the elliptical orbit
• 4. !!! All of this is a consequence of Newtown's
  2nd Law

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Once he knew the shape he describe how the planet
move on its orbit

• Keplers Second Law of Planetary Motion
• A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out
  equal areas in equal intervals of time.

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So what do we have to master to understand these
concepts Course Overview

• Kinematics in 1, 2 (vectors) 3 Dim.
• Dynamics-Newtons Laws in 1, 2 (vectors) 3
  Dim.
• Work Energy Theorem KE, PE Conservation of Energy
• Momentum of 1 and 2 particle systems
• Kinematics and Dynamics of Extended Objects
• Rotational Motion of extended objects, Notion of
  Torques
• Equilibrium
• Oscillatory Motion
• Newtons Theory of Gravitation

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Science Its Methods Theory and Measurement

• A scientific theory by definition is falsifiable
  it is setup to be replaced by a theory which
  supplants it by being1) More general in scope2)
  Able to explain specific cases that predate that
  theory
• 3) All of this is based upon experimental
  measurement!
• This is why have lab we will practice this use
  of data to verify or disprove the theoretical
  statements.

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Measurement need a standard language and precision

• Fundamental Measure Base Units
• Length meters - m
• Mass kilograms kg
• Time seconds s
• Other units in terms of Standards
• e.g. F ma kg m / s2
• Systems
• SI System Standard International
• CGS (cm,grams,seconds)
• British (American)

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Dimensional Analysis/Conversion of Units

• Dimensional Analysis
• Treat Dimensions like algebraic quantities
• Unit Conversion follows Dimensional Analysis

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Significant Figures

• Rule No more significant figures than the least
  number in the problem
• e.g. Area of circle
• p3.14159 r2.1
• Areap r2 6.597340
• Exceptions
• ,-,x, any math operation allows gain or loss of
  significant figures

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One Parsec (pc)The distance from which Earth
would appear to be one arcsecond from the Sun.
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Example Problem 57 conversions
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