Bez nadpisu

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The High Tatras
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The High Tatras - history

• The High Tatras region has been inhabited
  since prehistoric times.
• The oldest findings are from Gánovce.
• Those are the remains of the Neandertal people
  who lived here more than 120,000 years ago.
• These people left the rests of fireplaces, bones
  of hunted animals and primitive tools here.

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The High Tatras - modern times

• The first settlement in Tatras Starý Smokovec
  was established in the 18th century.

• Real development of hiking in High Tatras
  started after the Koicko-bohumínska railway was
  completed.
• Tatras had traffic connection with Budapest,
  Prague, Wroclaw and after the completed Povaská
  railway even with Bratislava and Vienna.

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TANAP - Tatras national park
was proclaimed in January 1949.
 
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TANAP

• The oldest national park in Slovakia
• Messageprotect Tatras nature
• Using of territoryscience and investigation,
  heeling, rehabilitation, recreation, sport and
  hiking
• Locationin the north part of Slovakia
• Area741 km2

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TANAP

• Protected nature jewellery in TANAP are iceberg
  formations
• Tatras wood - creates almost 60 of
• territory park
• Number of different kinds of animals
  and plants (chamois,
  may-flowers)

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Flora of the Tatras protected plants I.

Horec bodkovany - Gentiana punctata Zvoncek
alpinsky - Campanula alpina
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Flora of the Tatras protected plants II.
Plesnivec alpínsky - Leontopodium alpinum
Zltohlav európsky - Trollius altissimus
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Wildlife
The chamois' summer hide is rusty brown,
with a characteristic
"mask" on the head.
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The best of Tatras...
The highest peaks 1. Gerlachovský tít 2.
Lomnický tít 3. Ladový tít
The highest mountain lakes 1. Modré pleso 2.
Vyné Wahlenbergovo pleso 3. Vyné Strelecké
pleso
The biggest mountain lakes 1. Velké Hincovo
pleso 2. trbské pleso 3. Popradské pleso
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trbské pleso lake (1346m). It is the most
famous lake in the High Tatras. In front of the
lake there are a lot of wild dugs.
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Belianska jaskyna cave Belianska cave is
situated in TANAP and it was discovered in 18th
century by gold-diggers. The view lenght is
1370m. There are 3 kinds of bats.
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Modré pleso
Gerlachovský tít
Velké Hincovo pleso
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Calamity - 19. November 2004

• Strong north-west wind totally changed the view
  of the High Tatras on 19th November 2004.
• Approximate wind speed was 90-170 km/h
• A strip of 40-100 years old wood growth was
  totally destroyed.
• Area of destroyed wood was
• 12 - 14000 ha

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Calamity - 19. November 2004

• We can consider this disaster the biggest
  ecological catastrophe in Slovakia in last 100
  years.

• The total renovation of destroyed woods will
  last more than 70 years at least.
• The effects of the calamity
  - floods due to higher surface water-
  danger of erosion
  - climate changes
  - changes of fauna and flora

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A few years after the catastrophe...

• As to nowadays situation, it is positive that
  state Woods of TANAP have already processed about
  77 per cent of calamity wooden matter and cleaned
  7,000 ha of hit area.
• This calamity hit young wood growth. Its
  renovation started in autumn season and more
  than 160 ha have been finished since that time.
• Information system and tourists equipment
  benches, resting places, wells etc. have been
  repaired.
• Animals are not forgotten, they are fed in
  winter months.

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Fire - 30.July 2005

• The greatest fire in the High Tatras since
  foundation of TANAP broke out at Biely dom in
  Tatranská Polianka on 30th July.
• The situation got worse due to strong wind and
  about 40 ha of calamity area burnt down.

• Damage reaches to 16 million Slovak
• crowns but environmental damage is even worse
• There are biotopes of European and national
  importance in the burnt place.
• Social value of the biotopes is more than 4
  million

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Rules before and now

• "National park (NP) is an area, which serves as a
  protection of ecosystems and as a relaxation
  place ".

An announcement, which talks about
responsibilities and laws of visitors in NP and
about the conditions of exploitation, has
been valid since June 1999.
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• Whilst enjoying your visit in the National
  Park,protect its natural beauty.
• Do not damage information notice boards about
  the National Park.
• In order to enjoy your visit use marked hiking
  tracks, footpaths and cycling tracks as well as
  Tourist Information Centres.

In order to protect the nature and to ensure your
safety, hiking tracks in the mountains are not
accessible to public between 11th November and
15th June.
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• In NP it is forbidden to
• impair and destroy environment
• of NP
• cause the death of the plants
• and animals
• contaminate NP with rubbish

• In order to protect endangered species of birds
  of prey, paragliding and using rogallo is
  permitted only in specifically designated areas.

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• In the event of
• recovery an injured animal it is necessary to
  report the find to ministry of environment or to
  the administration of NP.

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• It is also forbidden to
• spoil and pick protected plants, mosses, woody
  plants, minerals and fossils
• enter the precipices and unallowable caves
• disturb and injure protected animals and damage
  their biotopes
• interrupt the rest and the calmness by the light
  effects and abnormal noise

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• Its important to note people, who turn from
  tourist paths or their unusual behaviour
  excavation of marmots in TANAP
• the picker and the shovel were found out in
  highness 2000 meters above sea level.
• found a snare with cut away marmots leg

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• Danger of the fire
• It is not permitted to camp and light fires
  anywhere in the National Park.
• There is a ban of starting fire in camping sites,
  ban of smoking and limiting of tourism in danger
  regions
• In the event of remark the fire it is needed to
  inform Fire and salvage service at the telephone
  num. 150.

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• If you are enjoying your stay in the National
  Park with your pet dog then the dog should
  always be on a lead and muzzled. In specifically
  designated nature reserves dogs are not permitted
  to enter at all.

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• Means of transport in NP
• Allowed to enter and stay with motor-car,
  park on the marked parking places

• Possibility to use cog railway
• or land cableway

old
new
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• Accident insurance
• each visitor has to underwrite, otherwise he will
  pay for the intervention of mountain service (if
  its necessary)
• it is possible to do
• also right in NP

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• The National Park provides also winter sports
  such as alpine and cross-country skiing on
  designated slopes and tracks as well as mountain
  and rock climbing, and ski-alpinism in purposely
  built facilities where picnic areas are set aside
  for an open fire barbecues.
• Please do not pollute the
• environment. Take your rubbish
• home with you. Protect the
• underground beauty of the nature.
• Do not try to enter inaccessible
• caves and gullies.

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• Picked flowers will wither, captive
  butterflies will die, chicks of an eagle could
  fall from their nest if disturbed. Therefore
  touch the nature by your heart only.

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• Special attention needs to be paid to the
  regeneration of the natural environment in the
  Tatra National Park, as well as other protected
  areas struck by natural disasters. The protection
  of biological and landscape diversity also needs
  to be pursued more extensively outside specially
  protected areas.
• European Union legislation in the field of
  the environment has more than 40 years of
  history. It consists of more than 300 regulations
  and the environmental acquis currently contains
  around 70 directives. Since its accession to the
  European Union, all EU regulations and directives
  have become binding for Slovakia.

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Questionare

• 1, How many National parks are there in Slovakia?
• a, 6
• b, 7
• c, 8
• d, 9
• 2, In 1985 there were only three National parks
  in Slovakia. Which?
• a, High Tatras, Low Tatras, Poloniny
• b, Low Tatras, Slovak Paradise, Poloniny
• c, Small Fatra, Pieniny, Muranska Planina
• d, High Tatras, Low Tatas, Pieniny

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• 1, How many National parks are there in Slovakia?
• d, 9
• 2, In 1985 there were only three National parks
  in Slovakia. Which?
• d, High Tatras, Low Tatras, Pieniny

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• 3, Which of these National parks is the youngest?
• a, NP Poloniny
• b, NP Slovak Karst
• c, NP Great Fatra
• d, Tatranský NP
• 4, What is the highest set lake in The High
  Tatras?
• a, Blue tarn
• b, Higher Ruman tarn
• c, Higher Terian tarn
• d, Higher Wahlenberg

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• 3, Which of these National parks is the
• youngest?
• c, NP Great Fatra
• 4, What is the highest set lake in The High
• Tatras?
• a, Blue tarn

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• 5, Which of these National parks lies on the
  borders between Slovakia, Poland and Ukraine?
• a, Pieniny
• b, Poloniny
• c, Slovak Karst
• 6, Which cave is the only one accessible in The
  High Tatras?
• a, Demänovská ice cave
• b, Dobinská ice cave
• c, Belianska cave
• d, Ochtinská aragonit cave

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• 5, Which of these National parks lies on the
  borders between Slovakia, Poland and Ukraine?
• b, Poloniny
• 6, Which cave is the only one accessible in The
  High Tatras?
• c, Belianska cave

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• 7, What is the largest National park in Slovakia?
• a, Tatranský NP (TANAP)
• b, Pieninský NP (PIENAP)
• c, Low Tatras NP (NAPANT)
• d, Great Fatra NP
• 8, Which is the oldest National park in Slovakia?
• a, NP Low Tatras (NAPANT)
• b, Tatranský NP (TANAP)
• c, NP Great Fatra
• d, Pieninský NP (PIENAP))

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• 7, What is the largest National park in
• Slovakia?
• c, Low Tatras NP (NAPANT)
• 8, Which is the oldest National park in
• Slovakia?
• b, Tatranský NP (TANAP)

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• 9, What is the highest mountain in the High
  Tatras (and Slovakia)?
• a, Gerlachovský peak
• b, Lomnický peak
• c, Kriván
• d, Slavkovský peak
• 10, What is the highest waterfall in The High
  Tatras?
• a, Kmetov waterfall
• b, Waterfall Skok
• c, Velký Velický waterfall
• d, Waterfalls of Studený Potok (Cold Creek)

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• 9, What is the highest mountain in the
• High Tatras (and Slovakia)?
• a, Gerlachovský peak
• 10, What is the highest waterfall in The High
• Tatras?
• a, Kmetov waterfall

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• 11, Which part of Slovakia has the most National
  parks?
• a, Eastern Slovakia
• b, Western Slovakia
• c, Central Slovakia
• d, Southern Slovakia
• 12, What is the topmost challet in the High
  Tatras?
• a, Bilikova challet
• b, Téryho challet
• c, Rysy challet
• d, Zbojnícka challet

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• 11, Which part of Slovakia has the most
• National parks?
• c, Central Slovakia
• 12, What is the topmost challet in the High
  Tatras?
• c, Rysy challet

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• Analyses of water taken on 26th October 2007

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Thank you for your attention.
Prepared by students participating in the
project.