Gordon Prain and Donald Cole

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Agriculture and human health proposals for the
MTP
Gordon Prain and Donald Cole
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• Agriculture and health at CIP
• Mapping agriculture and health research
  opportunities onto the pro-poor cycle (PPC)
• Systems mapping
• Interventions
• Policy platforms and monitoring and evaluation
• Partnerships

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Why an agriculture and human health project at
CIP?

• Improving production among poor farming families
  does not necessarily improve nutrition
• Excess carbohydrates with deficient protein, iron
  and Vit A in CIP Ecuador study of child nutrition
  
• Macro AND micro-nutrient deficiency from food
  scarcity, hunger Increased agricultural
  production by itself will not address nutritional
  deficiencies Irelands Hunger Task Force
• Synergies from de-compartmentalizing agriculture
  and health
• Two way positive and negative interdependencies
• Importance of agriculture for women and
  children's health
• Understanding economic and health trade-offs in
  agriculture
• From fear-based to evidence-based agricultural
  policies differentiating health hazards and
  health risks
• Why not cross-cutting?

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Mapping agriculture and health research
opportunities onto the pro-poor cycle (PPC)
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Global Science Opportunities (i)Synergy in
system-mapping and opportunity assessment

• Map agricultural systems and scope opportunities
  for pro-poor science interventions that include
  health sciences in areas where human health and
  livelihoods can both be improved through
  sustainable agriculture.

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Causal diagrams for mapping agriculture health
linkagesJoffe, Michael and Jennifer Mindell,
2006. Complex causal process diagrams for
analyzing the health impacts of policy
interventions. American Journal of Public Health,
vol 96, No 3.

• Help interpret multi-strand, complex pathways (an
  escape from the proximate)
• Captures both positive and negative changes in
  health outcomes
• Move from plausible hypotheses to evidence-based
  representation
• Provides a guide to policy influence

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Mapping dynamic agriculture-health linkages
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MTP changes in 2008 (for 2009-2011)Output 1 new

• Agriculture-human health linkages mapped across
  learning sites and opportunities for agricultural
  interventions for health identified
• Develop framework for carrying out mapping
  exercise using existing secondary and appropriate
  primary data (with Division 1)
• Map linkages at learning sites in LAC (Puno) and
  SSA (? Uganda) first, then SWCA (? Orissa) and
  ESEAP (Bandung)

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Mapping agriculture and health research
opportunities onto the pro-poor cycle (PPC)
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Global Science Opportunities (ii)

• Bring nutritional assessment/ epidemiology rigour
  to fill gaps in evidence on effectiveness of
  joint agriculture and nutrition interventions

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Reaching End Users (REU) Orange Flesh
Sweetpotato (OFSP) in Uganda and Mozambique

• Goal Introduction and promotion of OFSP in
  Uganda and Mozambique to reduce vitamin A
  deficiency
• Three pillars of project
• Production of OFSP,
• Demand creation for OFSP, and
• Market development
• Strategies for farmer adoption and consumer
  acceptance of OFSP (Operations research)
• Impact assessment objective Identify impact and
  cost effectiveness of REU models (IFPRI, CIP)

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Combating HIV/AIDS in urban communities through
food and nutrition security interventions (N.
Karanja, M. Samwel, M. Njenga, G.Prain/F.
Yeudell/D. Cole)

• Strategies for using small livestock, vegetable
  production and dietary diversification to improve
  food and nutrition security of HIV/AIDS affected
  households
• Capacity-building of local authorities and care
  givers in food and nutrition security approaches
• Policy constraints and needs dialogue for
  strengthening food and nutrition security and
  social inclusion of HIV/AIDS affected households.

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MTP changes in 2008 (for 2009-2011)Output 2
updated

• The value of orange fleshed sweet potato and
  other options as a component of food-based
  approaches to improved nutrition is demonstrated.
  
• On the basis of assessment of interventions with
  OFSP for reducing Vitamin A deficiency, scale up
  through involvement in the SSA GATES proposal
• Extend interventions to assist HIV/AIDS affected
  households, where limited evidence on effective,
  equitable and efficient response options for
  nutrition and livelihoods.

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Mapping agriculture and health research
opportunities onto the pro-poor cycle (PPC)
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Global Science Opportunities (iii)

• Incorporate health promotion approaches in
  working with stakeholders to translate research
  findings into policy change, with follow up
  monitoring and subsequent actions
• Example, Ecosalud Ecuador HortiSana in Central
  Andes

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HortiSana Safe and sustainable vegetable
production in the Central Andes

• Determine relationships among horticultural
  practices, producer livelihoods and health
  indicators,
• Assess the feasibility, appropriateness and
  efficiency of alternative horticultural
  production methods
• Support development of fair markets for
  alternative horticultural inputs and safer
  vegetables
• Strengthen the contribution of producer
  organizations, government agencies and other
  social actors to healthier and more sustainable
  horticultural systems in metropolitan regions
• Monitor social actor activities, re-assess
  production, commercialization, health and
  livelihood indicators among small-scale producers
  for changes, and analyze relationships among
  them.

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Mapping agriculture and health research
opportunities onto the pro-poor cycle (PPC)
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Implementation of the FAO Code of Conduct on
pesticide use in Ecuador

• Evidence-based policy proposals on pesticide use
  (CIP Eco-health 1) failed to be enacted by
  Ecuador Govt.
• CIP Eco-health 2 use as proxy indicator data on
  knowledge, practices and health outcomes
  associated with pesticide use to reflect
  implementation of FAO Code of Conduct in the
  Andean region of Ecuador
• FAO to work with Ecuador Govt. to implement Code
  of Conduct for pesticides using CIP data

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MTP changes in 2008 (for 2009-2011)Output 3
updated 1 from 2007

• Integrated health and agriculture strategies to
  reduce pesticide exposure risk and promote
  healthy and sustainable agriculture among farm
  families in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia designed
  and promoted
• - FAO Ecuador to review highly hazardous
  pesticide use using CIP generated evidence
• - Collaborating with organic and conventional
  horticultural producers, regional governments and
  mayors in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia

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PartnershipsChallenge Programs, SWEPs and
Platforms

• Harvest Plus
• Genetic Enhancement and Crop Improvements
  screening potato and sweet potato for nutritional
  properties, particularly micronutrients
• Urban Harvest
• project collaboration in Nakuru, Kenya and Andes
• Book on Urban Food Production and Public Health
  based on Kampala, Uganda case study
• Agriculture and Health Research Platform (IFPRI)