In The Beginning

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In The Beginning

• A Bit of Internet History Why Things Are The
  Way They Are

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Americas POV in 1946

• Axis powers defeated
• Germany and Japan in shambles
• American war-time economy still pumping
• Europe and Asia as a whole in shambles
• The beginning of Pax Americana

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Americas POV in (cont)

• Atomic Age (America on top)
• Radical Scientific Innovation
• Beginning of American Military Industrial Complex
• Flood of Veterans (GI Bill into college, rapid
  assimilation into business)

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America in 1946-1950

• Infrastructure boom as home loans for vets come
  through
• Major geographic shifts as workers move around
  the country
• Major rise of the middle class (Cars, appliances,
  etc)

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The World in 1946-1950

• The beginning of the Cold War
• Rise of the Super Powers (The U.S. and The Soviet
  Union)
• The Beginning of the Arms Race
• The Foundation of the Space Race

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The Cold War in America (1946-1957)

• Bomb Shelters Duck and Cover drills
• Civil Defense continues
• Communism to be identified and rooted out
• Nuclear Bombs to be delivered by piloted aircraft
• The funding of DARPA (Defense Advanced Research
  Projects Agency)

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1957

• The launch of Sputnik starts the Space Race
• It also heralds unprecedented levels of funding
  into military projects
• ICBMs and space-based weapons platforms are no
  longer science fiction

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1969 DARPA

• Birth of Internet (ARPANet)
• Berkeley with TCP/IP Protocol into UNIX (Created
  by Bell Labs in 1960s)
• Linked Stanford, Berkeley, MIT, Carnegie Melon
  and then others
• Packet Switching concept introduced, creating
  paradigm we have today

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Power Grid and Communications Grid Basics

• Electricity
• Voltage (pressure)
• Amperage (Size of pipe)
• Transformers (Step out power and distribute)
• Phone
• Copper wire
• Electrical analog
• Switches

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Electromagnetic Spectrum Basics

• Analog
• Digital
• Waves and Frequencies
• Using Electricity as carrier

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The Spectrum Rough Cut

• Radio- 1MHz-1GHz
• Microwaves (Sometimes seen on radio band)-
  1GHz-300GHz
• Infrared- 300GHz-1,000THz(1015 Hz)
• Light (including Ultraviolet)1015 Hz-1017 Hz
• X-Rays/Gamma Rays, etc- 1017 Hz-1022 Hz

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A Wave
Amplitude is height of the wave
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Digital Wave

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Why We Care

• Modulation
• The process of modifying a wave so that it can
  carry information is known as modulation. There
  are three ways of modulating a wave changing its
  amplitude, frequency, or phase. (AM, FM or PM)

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Computer Communication

• Using wire to transmit information
• Higher voltage 1
• Lower voltage 0
• Basics of Binary Code
• All of it is representational

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Computer Technology Early Application

• Mainframes Dumb Terminals
• The Rise of Personal Computers
• Cheaper Hardware
• Business/Industry Applications (Payroll and
  Banking and Credit Cards)
• Info Tech in Education (Accounting and MIS)
• Info Tech in the Org Chart (Under CFO)

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Government Begins to Hand over Internet

• National Science Foundation begins to take over,
  and things begin to move from DOD
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) sets
  standards
• Protocols
• ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
  and Numbers)
• (IP addresses and DNS)

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Rise of ISPs

• AOL, CompuServe and Prodigy
• People begin to use Internet at home on their
  PCs
• Personal use of Internet still limited

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The Web

• 1993
• Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (Centre Européenne pour
  la Recherche Nucléaire) the European Laboratory
  for Particle Physics
• Creates revolution
• Starts Netscape, and the Browser Wars

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Why This Matters

• QWERTY Key Board example
• The system we are using today is over 30 years
  old
• It was made by Cold War scientists
• WHY things are the way they are explains the
  thinking that created the current landscape

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Next Topic

• Web History and Evolution
• E-Business Revolution