10th American History Unit III U.S. Foreign Policy World War II today

1
10th American HistoryUnit III- U.S. Foreign
PolicyWorld War II - today

• Nixon-Bush 6
• The End of the Cold War

2
Reading Quiz- Bush 6

• 1. What was the violent revolution in Romania?
• 2. What was the Velvet Revolution?
• 3. What happened at the Berlin Wall?
• 4. What was Solidarity?
• 5. Who was Boris Yeltsin?
• 6. What happened to Germany in 1990?
• 7. What was Glasnost and Perestroika?
• 8. What was the Warsaw Pact?

3

• Events in Europe of 1989 which would led up to
  the end of the Cold War.
  
• Since the end of World War II the political
  structure of the world consisted of two major
  powers centered in NATO and the Warsaw Pact
  countries. For nearly 45 years the two major
  powers representing these groups, the United
  States and the Soviet Union, were engaged in a
  cold war. The end of communism in Eastern Europe
  brought about a new world order under which it
  was hoped there would be an atmosphere of
  international cooperation.
• April 5, 1989- Poland- Solidarity (Trade Union)
  declared legal and Free Elections- Solidarity
  sweeps the elections- 1990 Lech Walesa elected
  President.
• May 1989- Hungary- No fence between Hungary and
  Austria, East Germans slipped across border into
  Austria and Hungary.
  
• November 9, 1989- Berlin Wall gates were opened,
  East Germans flooded to West and the wall began
  to come down.
  
• November 24- December 28, 1989- "The Velvet
  Revolution" in Czechoslovakia- Alexander Dubcek
  elected chairman of the Parliament.
  
• December 17, 1989- The Violent Revolution begins
  in Romania. Pres. Ceausescu orders troops to gun
  down demonstrators. 100's die.
  

4

• Events in Europe of 1989 which would led up to
  the end of the Cold War.
  
• December 21, 1989- Pres. Ceausescu calls for mass
  rally at Capital to support him. Crowd turned on
  the President, demonstrations got larger and
  troops joined the revolt.
• December 25, 1989- While trying to escape, Pres.
  Ceausescu and his wife were caught tried and
  executed.
  
• End of 1989- October 3, 1990- East and West
  Germany are reunified into one Germany.
  President Bush declares the Cold War to be over.
  
• 1985-1990- The Soviet Union is changing-
  Gorbachev's Perestroika (restructuring) Warsaw
  Pact dissolved Soviet Union can't provide for
  its own needs- Food, Clothing are scarse a
  move to a freer more democratic nation
  Communists give up their monopoly in politics
  Chaos on a grand scale ethnic unrest led to the
  break up of the U.S.S.R.

5
Poland and Solidarity

• April 5, 1989- Government agrees to make the
  union Solidarity legal and hold free
  elections.
  
• Commnists lose the elections.
• Eventually the union leader- Lech Walesa is
  elected president of Poland.
  
• Soviet Union did not intercede in Poland.
• Poland faced severe economic problems.

6
Poland and Solidarity
125 min.
212 min.
7
Warsaw Pact Countries- Eastern Europe

• Hungary and Bulgaria- successful transition from
  communism
  
• Romania- Violent Revolution- Pres. Ceausescu.
• Czechoslovakia- Velvet Revolution
• Yugoslavia-Collapsed. Ethnic rivalries caused
  brutal war among Muslims, Orthodox Serbs, and
  Roman Catholics. Ehtnic Cleansing
  
• Baltic State- Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
  Independent

8
Germany

• Oct. 1989- East Germany gets rid of its Communist
  government and opens the Berlin Wall.
  
• Berlin Wall torn down.
• Oct. 3 1990- East and West Germany are reunited
  into one Germany.

9
Gorbachev and the Soviet Union

• March 1985- Gorbachev is General Secretary of
  Communist party.
  
• Glasnost- openness, allowing criticism and
  freedom of the press
  
• Perestroika- restructuring of the Soviet
  society- less government control, introduced
  private enterprise and took steps for a
  democratic government.

10
Soviet Union Declines

• Dec. 1991- 14 Russian Republics declare
  independence.
  
• Ethnic unrest across USSR- different national
  groups argue over borders.
  
• Gorbachev resigns- not popular at home and the
  Soviet Union dissolves.
  
• CIS- Commonwealth of Independent States takes
  over- loose federation
  
• Feb. 1992- Boris Yeltsin-President of Russia
  signs START II pact with U.S.A.