Chapter 28 Revolution in Russia

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Chapter 28 Revolution in Russia
Section 1 Two Revolutions in Russia
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• Setting the Scene
• Geography had long favored the growth of the
  Russian empire. The vast plains stretching from
  Moscow had few natural obstacles to halt the
  advance of Russian armies. For nearly four
  centuries, the empire grew steadily and by 1897,
  more than half the people under czarists rule
  were not Russians. Nationalism led to the rise of
  new political parties among these peoples. In
  addition to social and economic reforms they
  hoped for self-rule and independence,
  revolutionary ideas that contributed to unrest in
  the Russian empire.

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I. The March Revolution

• In 1914, Russia was a unindustrialized country
  dominated by nobles, priests, and an autocratic
  czar

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I. The March Revolution

• After the Revolution of 1905, czars made some
  reforms and established an elected Duma

Bloody Sunday
1906 The First Duma
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I. The March Revolution

• Marxists revolutionaries tried to stir up
  revolution among the working-class proletariat

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I. The March Revolution

• WWI drained Russias resources and in 1915 Czar
  Nicholas II went to the front to take charge

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I. The March Revolution

• Nicholas left control of domestic affairs to the
  czarina Alexandria, who knew little about
  government

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I. The March Revolution

• German-born Alexandria was distrusted by the
  Russians and began to rely on the advice of
  Gregory Rasputin

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I. The March Revolution

• Rasputins negative influence weakened the
  government and in December1916, a group of nobles
  killed him

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I. The March Revolution

• In March 1917, Czar Nicholas abdicated and the
  Duma set up a provisional government

Newspaper Headline Source The Age Date 17 Mar
1917
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I. The March Revolution

• Revolutionaries set up democratic soviets, but
  radical socialists called Bolsheviks soon took
  control

One of the 10,000 Soviets
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II. Lenin and the Bolsheviks

• The Bolshevik leader was V.I. Lenin, a Marxists
  who had been exiled and then returned to Russia
  by the Germans

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II. Lenin and the Bolsheviks

• Lenin adapted Marxist ideas to fit Russia and
  believed only revolution could bring about changes

Long Live World October revolution! The workers
conquered power in Russia and will conquer power
in the entire world
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III. The November Revolution

• In November of 1917, Lenin, Leon Trotsky and the
  Bolshevik Red Guards overthrew the provisional
  government

The "Red Guard" of the Petrograd Soviet
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III. The November Revolution

• The Bolsheviks distributed land to the peasants
  and gave control of the factories and mines to
  the workers

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IV. Russian Civil War

• Lenin sought peace with Germany and signed the
  treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918

A treaty was signed between the central powers
(Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria)
and the Soviet government. Under the terms of the
agreement, Russia lost Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine,
most of Byelorussia, and Russian Poland. The
treaty was annulled under the terms of the German
armistice.
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IV. Russian Civil War

• Civil war raged for 3 years between the Reds
  (communists) and the Whites (czarists), along
  with other national groups

Russian Civil WarWhite Army recruitment poster
"Did you volunteer?" -- a Red Army recruiting
poster
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IV. Russian Civil War

• Brutality was common and the communists
  assassinated Czar Nicholas and his family

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IV. Russian Civil War

• The Allies sent troops to support the Whites, but
  the Russians united and drove out the invaders

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IV. Russian Civil War

• The Communists adopted a policy of war
  communism the taking over of the economy by
  the state

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IV. Russian Civil War

• Trotsky organized the Red Army into an effective
  force under the control of political commissars

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IV. Russian Civil War

• By 1921, the Communists had won the civil war but
  Russia remained in chaos