Cambodia, SE Asia

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Cambodia, SE Asia
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The Origin of Cambodia

• Indian Prince

• Cambodian Princess

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Dragon King
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Empire Khmer( 900-1300 )

• The Khmers cradled the most brilliant
  civilization in Southeast Asia

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Jayavarman VII

• God-king
• Builder-king
• Warrior-king

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Economy

• Production
• Distribution
• Consumption

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Monsoon --- a wind of the Indian Ocean and
southern Asia which causes the rainy season.

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Mekong River
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Tonle Sap Lake---the Great Lake
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Fishing Boats
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Drying Fish
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Hydraulic Economy

• Economy involving, moved by, or operated by a
  fluid, especially water

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Staple Food---Rice
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Rice Paddies
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Vegetable Fields
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Banana Tree
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A Plough
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A Hoe
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Monsoon Rain
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Climate

• Rainy season May---October
• Growing and planting rice seedlings
• Dry season November---April
• Paddy harvest

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Water Storage Tank
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Irrigation Canal
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Rice Harvest
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Rice Threshing
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Ship Building
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Active Marine Trades
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Family

• Mating
• Marriage
• Family
• Household

• Education
• Inheritance
• Divorce
• Death/burial

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Family

• Type of family nuclear
• Goal of family economic goals

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Marriage

• Mating Arranged
• Type of marriage monogamy
• Rule of marriage exogamy
• Goal of married having a family especially new
  generations such as children

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Household

• Types of household nuclear
• Rules of household neo local

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Education

• Formal education (buddhist association)
• Informal education ( family, socialization)

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Inheritance

• Divided equally among children

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Divorce

• Divorce is allowed
• Divorce is a socially recognized option, although
  there is social pressure against it and some
  reluctance to grant it.
• Assets are divided equally between the spouses

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Death

• Family is responsible
• Buddhist tradition
• Ceremonies in memory of the dead are held on the
  seventh and hundredth days after life

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Male Roles in A Family
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House on the Stilts
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Female roles in a family
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Rice Seedling
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Weaving
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The wedding system

• Cambodian weddings are long and intricate affairs
  that consist of  multiple ceremonies and songs.

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KHMER WEDDING

• bride and groom being blessed by devada
  (angels)during the "hair cutting" or "cleansing"
  ceremony

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Traditional Wedding
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Wedding Costume
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Ceremony
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DOWRY

• A dowry is money or property brought by a bride
  to her husband at marriage.  Cambodians, however,
  believe that the groom should present the bride
  with gifts.  He travels to the brides home
  accompanied by his family with trays filled with
  fruits, cakes, gifts, and jewelry.   Instead of
  money, the gifts are arranged and presented to
  the brides family on silver trays.  The number
  of trays depends on the grooms wealth and
  status.  During this time, family and friends
  meet and the wedding rings are exchanged.  Three
  songs are included in the dowry celebration.

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•     The fruits, cakes, and gifts are arranged in
  a certain manner.  The display is presented to
  the bride and groom from the guests at their
  wedding.

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• Arrival of the Groom ( Neay Pream He Kaun
  Kamlas) this song tells the story of the groom
  and his family's journey to the bride's home.

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• Presenting the Dowry (Chambak Rouy) A
  conversation between the matchmakers, parents,
  relatives, and friends of the bride and groom. 
  The groom's family and friends formally present
  the dowry gifts to the bride's family.

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• Inviting the Elders to Chew Betel Nut (Pak Paeuk
  Pisa Sla) The betel nut is presented to the
  bride and groom's elders.   Parents of both the
  bride and groom ask for blessings and well wishes
  for their children.

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HOW MANY DAYS DOES THE WEDDING LAST?

• Traditional Cambodian weddings last three days
  and three nights.  Three is an important number
  to Cambodians because it is symbolic of the
  three jewels of Buddhism.  The three jewels
  are the
• 1. The Buddha 2. The Sangha (the brotherhood of
  monks) 3. The Dhamma (Buddhas teachings)

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• Here is a picture of the brotherhood of monks. 
  They will bless the couple's union

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SPECIAL/UNIQUE TRADITIONS     Cambodians
celebrate their weddings in a unique and special
way.  Below are a few of the interesting
ceremonies included in the wedding celebration.
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PRE-CEREMONIAL ACTIVITIES

• Breakfast      Following the celebration of the
  dowry, Cambodians have a special breakfast in
  which the bride and groom feed each other.  When
  they are done, the other guests may eat.  During
  the breakfast, the master of ceremony entertains
  guests by playing folk songs.  Cambodians who are
  of Chinese descent use this time to offer tea to
  the spirits of their ancestors.
• Hair cutting ceremony      In this ceremony,
  the bride and groom get their hair symbolically
  cut. (In the past, the couples hair really got
  cut.)   The mock haircut represents a new
  relationship as husband and wife.  The master of
  ceremony cuts the hair first, followed by the
  bride and grooms parents, relatives, and
  friends.

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SONGS OF CEREMONY

• Throughout the ceremony, four songs are sung
• Phat Cheay   a song that invites the bride and
  her bridesmaids to the ceremony.
• Kang Saeuy this song is played when gifts are
  offered to the ancestors.
• Bangvel Po Pil (Seven Rotations) While the
  candles are passed around seven times, family
  members wave the smoke which is believed to
  protect the couple from evil.
• Bay Khon Chang Dai (Tying the Wrists)  The
  following song is sung while the bride and
  grooms wrists are being tied  "We tie, we tie
  three strings to each wrist of our children. We
  wish for true happiness and success to this
  couple, who will always be together like wet
  grass seeds. We tie your left wrist to make you
  remember your parents. We tie your right wrist to
  make you carry on the family lineage and
  traditions."

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Wedding attire

•     Cambodian weddings are colorful events. 
  Traditionally the bride and groom wear red and
  gold.  Cambodian women wear various colors
  throughout the wedding ceremony.  The bride may
  have up to ten dress changes.  She changes
  outfits about every thirty minutes.  The bride is
  often adorned with gold, jewels, and makeup. The
  groom also changes his wedding attire.  He wears
  a traditional sarong.  For the final ceremony, he
  is dressed like royalty.  

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• Here is a picture of the groom and his groomsmen
  wearing a traditional sarong.

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Political System

• A constitutional monarchy is a form of
  monarchical government established under a
  constitutional system which acknowledges an
  elected or hereditary monarch as head of the
  state.

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Monarchy
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Politics

• Administration
• Judiciary system
• Defense/offense

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Administration---strict hierarchy

• The king--- supreme judge
• Priests---the ruling class
• From Viceroys to village chiefs--- different
  responsibilities
• Express couriers--- look after urgent business in
  the capital

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Jurisdiction --- trial by ordeal

• Death sentence---buried the criminal alive
• Lesser punishment---amputation of the fingers,
  legs, hands or nose.
• Minor offense---flogging
• Note no law against adultery

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Defense/offense

• Strong military power
• 1.Temporary army
• Builder-peasant-soldier
• 2. Permanent army
• 1) Royal Regiment of War Elephants
• 200,000
• 2) Cavalry---the pride of the empire
• 3) navy---ships and armored canoes

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War Against the Cham
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Khmer VS Cham
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Cultural system
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TEMPLES

• There are over a hundred major temples sites to
  be visited in and around Siem Reap-the remains in
  brick and stone of cities that were built by a
  succession of Khmer Kings between the 9th and
  13th centuries. Beside visiting Khmer Temples,
  there are thousand of pagodas speeding the
  country.

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WAT PHNOMPhnom Penh, Cambodia 1373-present
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Pagoda Wat Phnom
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YAMAYama, Lord of the DeadCourtyard, National
Museum of Cambodia Khmer, 12th century

• The only object in the museum which may be
  photographed is this sensitive statue of Yama in
  the courtyard. The god is sitting without his
  usual buffalo mount. This celebrated piece comes
  from Angkor Thom's Terrace of the Leper King,
  so-called because prior to cleaning, the statue
  had been splotched with lichen.

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Angkor Wat Temple
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The Angkor Wat is not only the largest, high and
elegant construction of all the Khmer temples, it
is in itself a city that is it served as the
capital
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Expressive arts
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Percussion
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Musical percussion (Drum)
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Musical Instrument
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Khimm
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History of Khmer
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Type of Khmer Art and Architecture
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Cambodia Classical Dance
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APSARA DANCE
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Khmer Dance
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Khmer Classical Dance
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Battle Dance (Battle with Ravana) Hanuman's
soldier trains for their battle with Ravana

• The Ramayana was written about 2,000 years ago.
  The 48,000 line epic odyssey is essentially a
  moral tale, describing the adventures of Prince
  Rama, an incarnation of the God Vishnu. Before
  Rama's birth the gods determined that his life
  would be one of a hero, but that he would be
  tested through trial and tribulation.

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Ramayana

• Renouncing his throne, the prince was banished
  and wandered in the wilderness with his beautiful
  wife Sita, and his brother Lasma, for many years.
  Sita was abducted by the evil King Ravana. Rama
  finds her with the help of Hanuman, the King of
  the monkeys and son of the God of the wind.

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Buong Suong.. a prayer for freedom, victory and
prosperity.
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Moni MekhalaGoddess Of Water

• According to Khmer popular legends, the
  thunder-storm is all that mortal eyes are allowed
  to see of this recurrent celestial affray The
  lightning representing the glitter of Mekhala's
  crystal ball and the thunder the clatter of Ream
  Eyso's magic axe as it slips from his fingers. It
  might likewise be said to symbolize the victory
  of chastity and innocence over the powers of
  darkness.

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Ream EysoGod of the Storm
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Bopha LokeiFlowers of the world
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Art of Khmer
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Khmer Sculpture
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• Here some examples of crowns, masks and costumes

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Dance Costume

• The glittering costumes worn today resemble Thai
  robes and crowns, emphasizing an odd exchange
  between Cambodia and Thailand that came about as
  a result of the Thai conquest of Angkor five
  centuries ago. When invading Thai pillaged
  Angkor, they carried away priests, dancers and
  artisans to enhance their court in imitation of
  the Khmers.

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• On the left is a mask worn by a character known
  as Ream Eyso. This storm demon battles with Moni
  Mekhala (goddess of water) to steal her magic
  crystal. The mask on the right is worn by a
  character known as Ravana (Reap), the ten-headed
  demon who kidnaps Rama's wife, Sita, in the
  Ramayana.

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Kheynorey Costume(a mythical half bird/human
from Heaven)
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Khenorey costumes are often found on Cambodia and
Thai Temples
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Apsara Crown
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MOKOT CROWN
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Language

• Khmer
• no tones
• derived from the south Indian alphabet
• left to right and no space

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World view

• religious

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Buddha
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Cambodia Religion

• Thearavada Buddhism is the official religion in
  Cambodia which is practiced by 95 percent of the
  population-- just like that of Thailand, Burma,
  Sri Lanka. However, Christianity and Cham Muslim
  are being active and popular among a large number
  of population as well in the capital and
  provinces, showing a sign of growth. Daoism and
  Confuism are also commonly practiced among the
  Chinese people.

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Buddhism is the predominant religion in Cambodia.

• In each family, the oldest son is expected to
  spend several months as a monk in order to
  provide merit for his family.

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Stratification system
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DEVA RAJA
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Brahmins
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Khmer Civilization
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Kinship structure

• Bilateral

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Gender roles and status

• The division of labor by gender
• Most tasks performed by men.
• Women are responsible for household chores.
• The relative status of women and men
• women relatively strong
• Women control family finances
• Women have less access than men

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Castes and classes

• Wealthy people are more honorable

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Symbol of social stratification

• Wealth people have to be publicly known

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Bamboo house
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Wood house
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Stone house